scholarly journals Forest science and technology in Canada: Entering the new millennium

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Carl Winget
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Forest Science

Recent reviews of government mandates and restructuring of the forest industry are changing roles and responsibilities in forest management in Canada. Companies are increasingly responsible for operational management while federal and provincial governments are focusing more on forest-related policies and regulations, altering in turn the context for forest research.The adoption of sustainable development as a policy framework is forging stronger links among policy makers, operational forest managers and researchers. Collaboration is growing among research organizations, often in partnerships with clients, in spite of a more competitive fiscal environment. The need to bring the relevant expertise to bear on the issues of sustainable forest development is reinforcing interaction among biological scientists, economists and social scientists, often through computerized communications and information exchange.Mechanisms have been established by government to develop a common agenda for forest science and technology by all stakeholders, similar to China's Agenda 21. International agreements such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Convention on Biological Diversity are exerting increasing influence and demand for additional scientific and technological information.

The Legal Nature of the Biodiversity Provisions adopted by the Andean Community

elni Review ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Jimena Murillo Chávarro ◽  
Frank Maas
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
General Description ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Andean Community

The Andean Community is a South American Regional Organization, nowadays composed of four of the seventeen states richest in biodiversity in the world. The Andean states are home to around 24 % of global biodiversity. Four countries are members: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The Andean Community began taking action in the field of biodiversity in the last ten years. As a result, it has elaborated a “Regional Biodiversity Strategy for the Tropical Andean Countries”, which was developed within the framework of the principles set out in the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Agenda 21) and the Andean Community legislation. The main objective of the Regional Biodiversity Strategy is the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity as well as the region’s sustainable development. According to the legal system of this regional organisation, decisions are – irrespective of whether they are adopted by the Andean Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs or the Commission of the Andean Community (the two legislative institutions of the CAN) – part of the Andean legal system. Decisions are legally binding for the Member Countries and directly applicable from their day of publication in the official gazette onwards. This article explains the definition of soft law, and provides a general description of the Andean Community and its legal instruments. The authors discuss the nature of Decision 523: Should this provision be considered soft or hard law and what are its legal implications?

Implementation of Nagoya Protocol and its Ethical Dilemma – the Case Study of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Endang Sukara ◽  
Safendrri Komara Ragamustari ◽  
Ernawati Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Nagoya Protocol ◽  
New Business ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Developed Nations

Indonesia consists of more than 17,000 islands separated for hundreds of thousands of years making both the biodiversity and culture diverse. Strong connection between people and biodiversity form a vast array of traditional knowledges retaliated to the conservation and use of biological diversity. During the last 3 decades, tremendous advancement on science and technology has been able to uncover the intrinsic value of biodiversity. Many lead chemical compounds have been isolated and identified, and has opened up huge opportunities in developing new business based on biodiversity. International cooperation between Japan and Indonesia successfully isolated more than 1,000 species of actinomycetes from diverse ecosystems and more than 30% are new species. This group of microbe is important for future pharmaceutical industries. The consciousness on intrinsic value of biodiversity is, however, only being understood by countries having high science and technology capacity. The intrinsic value of biodiversity remains abstract to most of the people in the developing and less developed nations. The Convention on Biological Diversity (UN-CBD), Cartagena and Nagoya Protocol are legal documents to ensure conservation, sustainable use and sharing of the benefit from the utilization of biodiversity and its components. There is a high demand for the developed nations on access to biodiversity to uncover its benefit. The mechanism on access, fair and equitable sharing of the benefit from the utilization of biodiversity and its component are certainly full of ethical dilemma. For this, there is a great need for the developing country having rich biodiversity find the most appropriate way to manage biodiversity and traditional knowledge for their prosperity.  Trust between countries rich in biodiversity and countries having high science and technology capacity is a crucial factor. Greater transparency and the recognition on comprehensive rights of people providing biodiversity is a key element in maintaining trust. Ethical standards cannot depend solely on rules or guidelines.    

Producing Targets for Conservation: Science and Politics at the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Campbell ◽  
Shannon Hagerman ◽  
Noella J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
2010 Target ◽  
Conservation Governance ◽  
Governance Network

Biodiversity targets were prominent at the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Having failed to reach the CBD's 2010 target, delegates debated the nature of targets, details of specific targets, and how to avoid failure in 2020. As part of a group of seventeen researchers conducting a collaborative event ethnography at COP10, we draw on observations made during negotiations of the CBD Strategic Plan and at side events to analyze the production of the 2020 targets. Once adopted, targets become “naturalized,” detached from the negotiations that produced them. Drawing on insights from science and technology studies, we analyze the interaction of science and politics during negotiations and discuss what targets do within the CBD and the broader global conservation governance network.

The Fourth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention: Issues, Outcomes, and Unfinished Business

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. Dando ◽  
Graham S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Unfinished Business ◽  
Health Organization

The Fourth Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was held November 25 to December 6, 1996. It successfully re-emphasized the norm against biological warfare, usefully broadening this to include molecular biology and applications resulting from genome studies. It also emphasized that use in any way and under any circumstances would be a violation of Article I. Disappointingly, compliance concerns regarding Iraq and the former Soviet Union were less strongly addressed. Article IV and the importance of national legislation as a potential counter to possible terrorist use was underlined. The importance of the existing confidence-building measures (CBMs) was confirmed and the work of the Ad Hoc Group was strongly endorsed, with a change to a negotiating format being explicitly stated, although without setting the target date of 1998 for completion. Article X was re-emphasized, with special note made of the advances made at the Rio Summit, Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and of the initiatives being taken by the World Health Organization to counter new, emerging, and re-emerging infectious diseases. This article addresses the issues, outcomes, and unfinished business of the Fourth Review Conference.

scholarly journals Apples for Oranges: Disparities in Offset Legislation and Policy among Jurisdictions and its Implications for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Linda Abdo ◽  
Sandy Griffin ◽  
Annabeth Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
International Obligation ◽  
Biodiversity Offsets ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Development Goals

As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.

scholarly journals Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Alden Wily
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

scholarly journals A global database of diversified farming effects on biodiversity and yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Jones ◽  
Andrea C. Sánchez ◽  
Stella D. Juventia ◽  
Natalia Estrada-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems

AbstractWith the Convention on Biological Diversity conference (COP15), United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), and United Nations Food Systems Summit, 2021 is a pivotal year for transitioning towards sustainable food systems. Diversified farming systems are key to more sustainable food production. Here we present a global dataset documenting outcomes of diversified farming practices for biodiversity and yields compiled following best standards for systematic review of primary studies and specifically designed for use in meta-analysis. The dataset includes 4076 comparisons of biodiversity outcomes and 1214 of yield in diversified farming systems compared to one of two reference systems. It contains evidence from 48 countries of effects on species from 33 taxonomic orders (spanning insects, plants, birds, mammals, eukaryotes, annelids, fungi, and bacteria) of diversified farming systems producing annual or perennial crops across 12 commodity groups. The dataset presented provides a resource for researchers and practitioners to easily access information on where diversified farming systems effectively contribute to biodiversity and food production outcomes.

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