Diversity of fungi colonizing leaves of Rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) cuttings

Rhododendrons (Rhododendron L.) are shrubs whose attractiveness is determined by their multi-coloured flowers and evergreen leaves. Necroses visible on the leaves of rhododendron cuttings diminish the suitability of nursery material for marketing. These symptoms are most frequently caused by fungi. The investigations were conducted in 2010–2011 in an ornamental shrub nursery to identify fungi colonizing the phyllosphere of rhododendron cuttings and causing leaf necroses. The material for analysis consisted of leaves of 11 rhododendron cultivars. 550 leaves were collected from 110 half-year-old cuttings for mycological analysis. Over 350 fungal colonies belonging to 15 species were isolated from the leaves of rhododendron cuttings. The dominants included: Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, Trichoderma koningii and Alternaria alternata. The influents included: Aspergillus brasiliensis, Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis, Epicoccum nigrum, Sordaria fimicola and Umbelopsis isabellina. A large majority of the fungi preferred the phyllosphere environment of Yakushima rhododendron (R. yakushimanum) cultivars ‘Sneezy’ and ‘Golden Torch’ as well as of the large-flowered cultivars ‘Flautando’, ‘Dominik’, and ‘Simona’. The phyllosphere of the large-flowered cultivars ‘Bernstein’, ‘Nova Zembla’, and ‘Goldbuckett’ was a reservoir for many fungal colonies and fungi species. The cultivars less susceptible to colonization by fungi and the most promising for planting in green areas and home gardens are the large-flowered cultivars ‘Bernstein’, ‘Nova Zembla’, ‘Goldbuckett’, ‘Rasputin’, and ‘Roseum Elegans’.

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Micromycetes colonizing and damaging leaves of evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) in nursery

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2015.020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Kowalik ◽

Barbara Kierpiec-Baran ◽

Klaudia Duda-Franiak

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Species Composition ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Good Health ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Trichoderma Koningii ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Humicola Grisea

In May and October 2010–2012, mycological studies were conducted on 10 cultivars of rhododendron bushes growing in containers in the nursery of ornamental plants. Out of 3000 specimens of infested leaf fragments, 2566 fungal colonies belonging to 41 species were isolated. The following species colonizing the leaves and causing their necrosis were extracted in the largest number of colonies: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum nigrum, Humicola grisea, Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, Phoma pomorum, Sordaria fimicola, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma polysporum, Truncatella truncata, Umbelopsis isabellina and others. The research showed that the micromycetes colonies colonizing and damaging rhododendron leaves varied in species composition and number of colonies in different years and at different times. The study determined which rhododendron cultivars were characterized by good health and which had the greatest susceptibility to infection by micromycetes.

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Fungi and fungi-like Oomycetes isolated from affected leaves of rhododendron

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2008.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Maria Kowalik

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Green Areas ◽

Sordaria Fimicola

The aim of the work is to identify fungi and fungi-like Oomycetes occurring on affected leaves of rhododendron Rhododendron L. Mycological analyses were carried out on 200 leaves collected from green areas of Kraków from May till September 2005. Isolated fungi-like Oomycetes belonged to 67 taxa. The most frequently found fungi included: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Coelophoma empetri, Nigrospora sphaerica, Pestalotia sydowiana, Phialophora cyclaminis, Phomopsis archeri, Septoria azalea and Sordaria fimicola. Among fungi-like organisms Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. citricola were isolated.

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Micromycetes on climbing roses leaves (Rosa L.) in the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1054 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Kowalik ◽

Klaudia Duda-Franiak

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Black Spot ◽

Growing Season ◽

High Abundance ◽

Botanic Garden ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Diplocarpon Rosae ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Penicillium Brevicompactum

Micromycetes inhabiting the leaves of 20 cultivars of climbing roses (Rosa L.), grown in Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow was investigated in the three successive years of research. Sixty-five taxa of of micromycetes was recorded with a few species dominating: Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotia rosae, Penicillium brevicompactum and Sordaria fimicola, accompanied by various other microfungi. A high abundance of rose black spot caused by Diplocarpon rosae was also observed. The affected leaves revealed advancing necrosis, substantially enhancing at the end of the growing season. Defoliation took place from June to October. Micromycetes inhabiting the leaves of climbing roses in Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow considerably deteriorated the decorative aspect of the plants.

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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of the Fungal Metabolites Isolated from the Marine Endophytes Epicoccum nigrum M13 and Alternaria alternata 13A

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19040232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

M. Mallique Qader ◽

Ahmed A. Hamed ◽

Sylvia Soldatou ◽

Mohamed Abdelraof ◽

Mohamed E. Elawady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Saline Lake ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Fungal Metabolites ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Wadi El Natrun ◽

New Compounds

Epicotripeptin (1), a new cyclic tripeptide along with four known cyclic dipeptides (2–5) and one acetamide derivative (6) were isolated from seagrass-associated endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum M13 recovered from the Red Sea. Additionally, two new compounds, cyclodidepsipeptide phragamide A (7) and trioxobutanamide derivative phragamide B (8), together with eight known compounds (9–16), were isolated from plant-derived endophyte Alternaria alternata 13A collected from a saline lake of Wadi El Natrun depression in the Sahara Desert. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS data, and a comparison with the reported literature. The absolute configurations of 1 and 7 were established by advanced Marfey’s and Mosher’s ester analyses. The antimicrobial screening indicated that seven of the tested compounds exhibited considerable (MIC range of 2.5–5 µg/mL) to moderate (10–20 µg/mL) antibacterial effect against the tested Gram-positive strains and moderate to weak (10–30 µg/mL) antibacterial effect against Gram-negative strains. Most of the compounds exhibited weak or no activity against the tested Gram-negative strains. On the other hand, four of the tested compounds showed considerable antibiofilm effects against biofilm forming Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.

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Occurrence of pathotypes of Ascochyta pisi (Lib.) in the Olsztyn district

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1991.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-22

Author(s):

Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Field Peas ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Ascochyta Pisi

The causal agents of leaf and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus Ascochyta pisi (Lib.). Investigated isolates of A. pisi differed by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseases leaves and pods of peas and field peas obtained also saprophitic fungi among which Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium c1adosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola and mycelia starilia were dominated. In the study of the identification and distribution of pathotypes of A. pisi five pathotypes were identified among which pathotype 2 were dominated. The identified the pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

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Einfluß von Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata, Mucor racemosus und Ulocladium chartarum auf die Protozoenpopulation im Pansen des Rindes (in vitro)

Mycotoxin Research ◽

10.1007/bf02940031 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (S2) ◽

pp. 179-182

Author(s):

A Höhling ◽

M Höltershinken ◽

P Hoffmann ◽

D Brunklaus ◽

H Scholz

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Mucor Racemosus ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum

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Occurrence of pathotypes of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (Jones) Boerema in the Olsztyn district

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1991.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽

Saprophytic Fungi ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Field Peas ◽

Phoma Medicaginis ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agents of leaves and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Investigated isolates of P. medicaginis var. pinodella differed by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseases leaves and pods of peas and field peas obtained also saprophytic fungi among which Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola and mycelia sterilia were dominated. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of P. medicaginis var. pinodella six pathotypes were identified among which pathotype 3 were dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

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Effect of cropping system on a fungal community colonizing seeds of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.)

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10517-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 439-441

Author(s):

B. Cwalina-Ambroziak

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cropping System ◽

Pure Stand ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Mucor Hiemalis ◽

Rhizopus Nigricans ◽

Galega Orientalis

The fungal population colonizing the seeds of fodder galega cultivated in pure stand was greater than that cultivated in mixed stand. No significant differences were observed in the species composition of the obtained fungal colonies. In all analyzed combinations, Alternaria alternata was predominantly isolated from the seeds. Other saprophytic fungi were represented by the following species: Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium cladosporioides as well as fungi representing genera Mucorales: Mucor hiemalis and Rhizopus nigricans. Among the pathogens, Botrytis cinerea was most often isolated. The mineral and SNA medium as well as the process of superficial disinfecting of seeds reduced the number of isolated fungi.

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Occurrence of pathotypes of Ascochyta pinodes (Jones) in the Olsztyn district

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1990.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1-2) ◽

pp. 109-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Furgał-Węgrzycka

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Saprophytic Fungi ◽

Stemphylium Botryosum ◽

Field Peas ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Sordaria Fimicola ◽

Ascochyta Pinodes ◽

Mycelia Sterilia

The causal agent of leaf and pods spot-pot of peas and field peas in the Olsztyn district was the fungus Ascochyta pinodes (Jones). Investigated isolates of A. pinoides different by macroscopic and microscopic features. From diseased leaves and pods of peas and field peas saprophytic fungi were also obtained. Among them Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Stemphylium botryosum, Sordaria fimicola and mycelia sterilia were dominant. In the study on the identification and distribution of pathotypes of A. pinodes (Jones) six pathotypes were identified among which pathotypes 3 dominated. The identified pathotypes differed by macroscopic and microscopic features.

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Phyllosphere mycobiota on garden ponds plants

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2012.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Kowalik

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Water Lily ◽

Isaria Farinosa ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

White Water ◽

Soft Rush ◽

Yellow Iris

Investigations were conducted on calamus, common cattail, soft rush, yellow iris and white water lily plants in twenty ponds in Malopolska and Podkarpacie Regions. Mycobiota existing in the phyllosphere caused discolouring and necroses of leaves and shoots. 88 species of mycobiota were identified and isolated from the diseased tissues. Dominant were Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum and Isaria farinosa. Fungi of genera: Aspergillus, Botrytis, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium, Phialophora, Phoma, Pleustomophora, Sordaria, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis were also numerous. The monophagous and the polyphagous were identified.

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