<p>In Vitro Culture of Endosperm: An efficient protocol to<br />propagate triploid plants directly. L. Agus Sukamto.<br />Triploid plants are very vigorous and beneficial since they<br />generally produce seedless fruits, bigger flowers, and produce<br />more volume of wood than the diploid counterparts.<br />The triploid plants can be produced by crossing diploid and<br />tetraploid plants, but this method is cumbersome and takes<br />a long time. In vitro culture of endosperm is an alternative<br />method to produce triploid plants directly. The success of<br />endosperm culture is dependent on many factors, such as<br />maturity of endosperm, presence of the zygotic embryo, culture<br />medium, growth regulators, browning, culture period,<br />an plant species. Generally, a mature endosperm needs an<br />initial association with an embryo to induce cell divisions,<br />while proliferation of an immature endosperms is not<br />dependent on the embryo. Endosperm of most parasitic<br />angiosperms shows direct organogenesis without callus<br />formation. Plants produced from endosperm culture are<br />generally triploid, although some plants possess different<br />ploidy levels.</p>
Cytological studies on the regenerating mature female gametophyte of Taxus baccata L. and mature endosperm of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. in the in vitro culture
