Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar: burden and mutations causing second-line drug resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Ei ◽  
W. W. Aung ◽  
W. W. Nyunt ◽  
T. L. Swe ◽  
M. M. Htwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Line Drug

scholarly journals Drug resistance profile among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients at diagnosis and correlation with history of anti-tubercular treatment in a tertiary care center

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Garg ◽  
Silpa Kshetrimayum ◽  
Amita Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Background: Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major threat to the realization of the goal of a TB free world in the near future. It is important to study the reasons for the increasing number of such cases so that effective action can be taken to control this growing epidemic.Methods: Sputum from 36 patients diagnosed with acquired pulmonary Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were subjected to first- and second-line Drug Sensitivity Testing (DST) after liquid culture in mycobacterium growth Indicator Tube (MGIT). Primary MDR-TB cases were excluded. The relation of the drug sensitivity profile with the history of prior treatment taken was statistically analysed.Results: Majority of the patients had received appropriate treatment, and most had adhered to prescribed treatment. Among the 36 patients, 24(66.7%) were found to be Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant (Pre-XDR-TB) and 4(11.1%) were extensively drug resistant XDR-TB cases. Inappropriate prescription of fluoroquinolone (FQ) was found to be most common. Prior intake of any drug was not found to significantly affect subsequent resistance to that drug.Conclusions: Fluoroquinolone resistance is quite common in patients with DR-TB (66.7%). This study did not find the prior use of FQ or any other drug to significantly affect subsequent resistance to the drug. Primary drug resistance is thus a major concern. 11.1% patients were found to be XDR-TB cases. Hence DST for first- and second-line drugs should be done at the time of diagnosis to avoid failure of treatment with a predesigned regimen.

scholarly journals Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance testing in Ghana identifies the first extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis case

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Osei-Wusu ◽  
Michael Amo Omari ◽  
Adwoa Asante-Poku ◽  
Isaac Darko Otchere ◽  
Prince Asare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Resistance Testing ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiological Interpretation of the Epidemic of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 3650-3653 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Streicher ◽  
S. L. Sampson ◽  
K. Dheda ◽  
T. Dolby ◽  
J. A. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Line Drug

We show that the interpretation of molecular epidemiological data for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is dependent on the number of different markers used to define transmission. Using spoligotyping, IS6110DNA fingerprinting, and DNA sequence data, we show that XDR-TB in South Africa (2006 to 2008) was predominantly driven by the acquisition of second-line drug resistance.

scholarly journals A population-based study of first and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden area of the Mexico/United States border

2013 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pola Becerril-Montes ◽  
Salvador Said-Fernández ◽  
Julieta Luna-Herrera ◽  
Guillermo Caballero-Olín ◽  
José Antonio Enciso-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Line Drug

scholarly journals Second Line Drugs Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Pranita Tuladhar ◽  
Dhruba Kumar Khadka ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Line Drug

With an increase in Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there is a need of second line drug susceptibility test that helps in early diagnosis and minimize the risk of other powerful drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine second line drugs (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin) resistance pattern in MDR-TB isolates and to determine the prevalence of pre-Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) and XDR-TB in MDR-TB patients. The study was conducted from February to September 2015 at National Tuberculosis Centre, Thimi, Bhaktapur. MDR-TB (resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin) patients’ sputum samples were processed by Modified Petroff’s method. Out of 92 samples, 57 were found culture positive. Following the species identification of culture positive MDR-TB isolates, second line drug susceptibility test was performed by conventional proportion method. Of 57 MDR-TB isolates, 22 (38.59%) showed resistance to ofloxacin (Ofx), 9 (15.79%) to capreomycin (Cm) and 9 (15.79%) to kanamycin (Km). One XDR-TB (1.8%) resistant to all drugs was detected. Of the remaining, 21(36.8%) were resistant to ofloxacin only and 8(15.4%) were resistant to two drugs i.e.29 (50.9%) were pre-XDR-TB. The prevalence of pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB was found to be 50.88% and 1.75% respectively. The resistance pattern of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs showed higher ofloxacin resistance in MDR-TB patients. In a nutshell, MDR-TB cases need urgent and timely susceptibility report for second line anti-tuberculosis drugs to help the clinicians start proper drug combinations to treat MDR-TB patients. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Volume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, page: 168-174

scholarly journals Sensititre MycoTB Plate Compared to Bactec MGIT 960 for First- and Second-Line Antituberculosis Drug Susceptibility Testing in Tanzania: a Call To Operationalize MICs

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 7104-7108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Heysell ◽  
Suporn Pholwat ◽  
Stellah G. Mpagama ◽  
Saumu J. Pazia ◽  
Happy Kumburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTMIC testing forMycobacterium tuberculosisis now commercially available. Drug susceptibility testing by the MycoTB MIC plate has not been directly compared to that by the Bactec MGIT 960. We describe a case of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in Tanzania where initial MIC testing may have prevented acquired resistance. From testing on archived isolates, the accuracy with the MycoTB plate was >90% for important first- and second-line drugs compared to that with the MGIT 960, and clinically useful quantitative interpretation was also provided.

scholarly journals Evolution and Transmission Patterns of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Lingyun Shao ◽  
Xiaoping Fan ◽  
Yaojie Shen ◽  
Ni Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Beijing Genotype ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTThe emergence and transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) pose an increasing threat to global TB control. This study aimed to identify the patterns of evolution and transmission dynamics of XDR-TB in populations in a region of China where TB is highly endemic. We analyzed a total of 95 XDR-TB isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 in Chongqing, China. Eight drug resistance genes covering 7 drugs that define XDR-TB were amplified by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Variable-number tandem repeat 16-locus (VNTR-16) genotyping and genotypic drug resistance profiles were used to determine the evolution or transmission patterns of XDR-TB strains. Our results indicated that the Beijing genotype was predominant (85/95 [89.5%]) in XDR-TB strains, and as many as 40.0% (38/95) of the isolates were distributed into 6 clusters based on VNTR-16 genotyping and drug resistance mutation profiles. All isolates of each cluster harbored as many as six identical resistance mutations in the drug resistance genesrpoB,katG,inhApromoter,embB,rpsL, andgidB. Among the nine cases with continuous isolates from multidrug-resistant (MDR) to XDR-TB, 4 cases represented acquired drug resistance, 4 cases were caused by transmission, and 1 case was due to exogenous superinfection. The XDR-TB epidemic in China is mainly caused by a high degree of clonal transmission, but evolution from MDR to XDR and even superinfection with a new XDR strain can also occur.

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