scholarly journals A bifurcated plantaris muscle: another confirmation of its high morphological variability? Another type of plantaris muscle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Smędra ◽  
Ł. Olewnik ◽  
P. Łabętowicz ◽  
D. Danowska-Klonowska ◽  
M. Polguj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Plantaris Muscle

scholarly journals Morphological variability of the plantaris muscle origin in human fetuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 151794
Author(s):  
Anna Waśniewska ◽  
Łukasz Olewnik ◽  
Rui Diogo ◽  
Michał Polguj
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Muscle Origin

scholarly journals Morphological variability of the plantaris tendon in the human fetus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Waśniewska-Włodarczyk ◽  
Friedrich Paulsen ◽  
Łukasz Olewnik ◽  
Michał Polguj
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Plantaris Tendon ◽  
Extension Point

AbstractMuscular anatomy often differs between species and individuals. In particular, the plantaris muscle (PM) demonstrates great morphological variability in its course and its proximal and distal attachments. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological variation of the PM tendon in human fetuses. Forty-six spontaneously aborted human fetuses (23 male, 23 female) aged 18–38 weeks of gestation were studied. Morphology of the attachment of the PM was assessed in both lower extremities (n = 92). The PM was present in 72 lower limbs (78.26%) and absent in 20 (21.74%). Eight types of PM distal attachment were identified. We propose an eight-fold classification of PM insertion in fetuses. Leg length, length of tendon, extension point (ExP) from the calcaneus, and ExP thickness differed significantly among types of PM insertion.

On the morphological variability and systematic position of Cyclotella rossii Håkansson (Bacillariophyta)

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
Sergei I. Genkal
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Published Data

Based on the original and published data, it is suggested to refer Pantocsekiella rossii to the synonymy of Pantocsekiella chantaica and extend the diagnosis of the latter.

Morphological Variability of Some Bacillariophyta Species of the Genus Kobayasiella Lange-Bertalot (Raphales, Naviculaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
S. I. Genkal ◽  
D. A. Kapustin ◽  
A. S. Stenina ◽  
I. N. Sterlyagova ◽  
Yu. N. Shabalina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability

On the morphological variability of Navicula schmassmannii (Bacillariophyta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Genkal ◽  
W. G. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Species Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Ultraoligotrophic Lake

On the basis of the studied materials from the ultraoligotrophic lake Elgygytgyn (Chukotka), a rare for the flora of Russia diatom species Navicula schmassmannii was recorded. In the studied populations of the species a wide variability of morphological quantitative (valve length and width, the number of stria in 10 μm) and qualitative (the shape of the valve and the central area) features was marked. It made the basis for emending of the species diagnosis.

The role of immersion learning in the acquisition and processing of L2 gender agreement

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Klassen ◽  
Aline Ferreira ◽  
John W. Schwieter
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Short Term Study

Abstract In this paper, we examine the effects of learning environment on second language (L2) gender agreement. English speakers learning L2 Spanish participated in a self-paced reading task and a picture selection task prior to and after a short-term study abroad experience. The results from the self-paced reading task showed that their reliance on the masculine article as the default (e.g., McCarthy, Corrine. 2008. Morphological variability in the comprehension of agreement: An argument for representation over computation. Second Language Research 24(4). 459–486) was reduced over time abroad. Findings from the picture selection task showed that the learners did not attend to the gender of articles unless it was their only cue, but that after the study abroad experience they began to use gender as an anticipatory cue for lexical selection. We interpret these results as support for an adapted version of the Shallow Structures Hypothesis (Clahsen, Harald & Claudia Felser. 2006a. Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics 27(1). 3–42; Clahsen, Harald & Claudia Felser. 2006b. How native-like is non-native language processing? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10(12). 564–570) and the notion that in immersion contexts L2 learners shift their parsing strategy to be more communicatively focused (Schwieter, John W. & Gabrielle Klassen. 2016. Linguistic advances and learning strategies in a short-term study abroad experience. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 1(2). 217–247).

scholarly journals Hypertrophy of Rat Skeletal Muscle Is Associated with Increased SIRT1/Akt/mTOR/S6 and Suppressed Sestrin2/SIRT3/FOXO1 Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7588
Author(s):  
Zoltan Gombos ◽  
Erika Koltai ◽  
Ferenc Torma ◽  
Peter Bakonyi ◽  
Attila Kolonics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Despite the intensive investigation of the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, the underlying signaling processes are not completely understood. Therefore, we used an overload model, in which the main synergist muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus) of the plantaris muscle were surgically removed, to cause a significant overload in the remaining plantaris muscle of 8-month-old Wistar male rats. SIRT1-associated pro-anabolic, pro-catabolic molecular signaling pathways, NAD and H2S levels of this overload-induced hypertrophy were studied. Fourteen days of overload resulted in a significant 43% (p < 0.01) increase in the mass of plantaris muscle compared to sham operated animals. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) activities and bioavailable H2S levels were not modified by overload. On the other hand, overload-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle was associated with increased SIRT1 (p < 0.01), Akt (p < 0.01), mTOR, S6 (p < 0.01) and suppressed sestrin 2 levels (p < 0.01), which are mostly responsible for anabolic signaling. Decreased FOXO1 and SIRT3 signaling (p < 0.01) suggest downregulation of protein breakdown and mitophagy. Decreased levels of NAD+, sestrin2, OGG1 (p < 0.01) indicate that the redox milieu of skeletal muscle after 14 days of overloading is reduced. The present investigation revealed novel cellular interactions that regulate anabolic and catabolic processes in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.

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