INVESTIGATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION OF WINDOW ELEVATIONS AND FACADES RESISTANCE TO BLASTING FORCE

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Michał KACZOROWSKI ◽  
Piotr Kasprzak ◽  
Marcin Nita
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Range Test

Striving for better protection of people against the effects of bomb explosions in the world of ever-increasing terrorist threats some tendencies have appeared to normalize the resistance of window elevations and facades as well as an individual door and window against detonation of explosive charges. Such standards were developed in the United States and in the European Union, and were also introduced in Poland. These are Polish standards PN – EN 13541 „Glass in Building Industry – Security Glazing – Testing and Classification of Resistance against Explosion Pressure”, PN – EN 13123-2 „Windows, Doors and Shutters – Blast Resistance – Conditions and Classification – Part 2: Range Test” and PN – EN 13124-2 „Windows, Doors and Shutters – Blast Resistance – Testing Method – Part 2 Range Test” with Annexes A and B and also US GSA – TS01 – 2003 standard „Standard Test Method for Glazing and Window Systems Subject to Dynamic Overpressure Loadings”. US standards envisage using much larger explosive charges than EU standards but from a greater distance. In the paper the strength tests of window elevations and facades conducted at the Military Institute of Armaments in Zielonka are discussed.

scholarly journals Utazás előtti tanácsadás és betegedukáció a magyar utazóknál

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lengyel ◽  
Péter Felkai
Keyword(s):  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
The Given

Abstract: Introduction: According to international surveys, over half of the travellers face some kind of health issue when travelling. The overwhelming majority of travel-related illnesses can be prevented with pre-travel medical consultations, but the syllabus and content of the consultation have to match the travel habits and culture of the given society. Aim: This publication explores the specificities and travel habits of Hungarian travellers. Method: One hundred participants of a travel exhibition completed a survey about their international travel. As the survey was not representative, the data could only be processed through simple statistical methods. However, since the exhibition was presumably attended by those wishing to travel, the conclusions drawn from the results are worth publishing, since no similar survey in Hungary has been published before. Results: Based on the suitable classification of age groups in travel medicine, 11% of the participants were adolescents / young adults (aged 15–24), 81% adults (25–59) and 8% elderly (60–74). Twenty-eight percent of the participants travel multiple times a year, 40% yearly and 32% of them less frequently; 16% of the adults, 8% of the adolescents and 4% of the elderly age group travel multiple times a year. Conclusions: The travel destinations of Hungarian travellers have remained practically unchanged since a study was conducted 13 years ago: the vast majority (95%) travelled within Europe, 2% to the United States, and 11% of them elsewhere. Since Hungarians do not travel to endemic areas, only 5% consulted their general practitioners (GPs) prior to travelling, and 29% did when they had to be vaccinated. Forty-two percent of those wishing to travel never consult their GPs, even though 29% of them are aware of some chronic illness. Instead, 51% gather their health information from the internet and only 6% from their doctors. By the contradiction between the poor health status of the majority of Hungarian travellers and the negligence of seeking pre-travel advice, our survey clearly points out the importance of the propagation of doctor’s advice before trips, even if the travellers visit exclusively non-endemic countries like the European Union. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(9): 357–362.

scholarly journals Culture Age and Drying Time as Variables of the AOAC Sporicidal Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164
Author(s):  
Norman A Miner ◽  
Michelle A Taylor ◽  
Sara E Bernal ◽  
Valerie L Harris ◽  
Mashike J Sichinga
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Silk Suture ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Liquid Chemical

Abstract In the United States, the AOAC Sporicidal Activity of Disinfectants Method 966.04 is the standard for identifying a liquid chemical germicide as a sterilant. Furthermore, the highest level of a disinfectant must also be a sterilant as defined by Method 966.04, when used in its sterilant mode for a longer exposure time. The AOAC Sporicidal Test is also used as a part of the standard test methods to define a sterilant for Australia and the European Union. Many laboratories have identified variables of this test that can affect the sterilization exposure time for sterilants, or even the ability to classify a chemical as a sterilant. Method 966.04 requires spore-labeled porcelain penicylinders (cylinders) and silk suture loops, collectively referred to as carriers, to be dried for 24 h, but allows these carriers to be used for at least 7 days, in effect allowing a drying time of 24 h to at least 7 days. We tested the resistance of cylinders that had been labeled with Bacillus subtilis spores cultured for 72, 96, and 120 h, and dried for 24, 48, and 72 h against a 60 min exposure to 2.0%alkaline glutaraldehyde, and 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min exposures to 2.5N HCl. All the culture incubation and drying times met the standard of resistance to 2.5N HCl for at least 2.0 min at 20°C, and all carriers contained at least 105 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. subtilis per carrier. However, for 3 repeated tests, regardless of incubation time, an average of 96%of the carriers were sterilized by the 2.0%glutaraldehyde after drying for 24 h, and an average of 61%were sterilized after drying for 48 or 72 h. We propose that the variable of drying time be eliminated from Method 966.04.

scholarly journals Background-oriented schlieren technique in experimental research regarding the effect of explosion pressure

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Adrian Bogdan Șimon-Marinică ◽  
Nicolae-Ioan Vlasin ◽  
Florin Manea ◽  
Dorin Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Main Components

In the following paper, experimental results regarding the effect of explosion pressure are obtained from open field experiments with detonation of explosive charges. In addition, sensors that can be used for security applications for the detection of toxic and explosive compounds, as well as mobile systems for the detection of shock waves due to explosions were used to acquire more detailed results. Sensors are the main components in products and systems used to detect chemicals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) targeting applications in several fields, such as: industrial production and the automotive industry (detection of polluting gases from cars, medical applications, indoor air quality control. The sensory characteristics of a robot depend very much on its degree of autonomy, the applications for which it was designed and the type of work environment. The sensors can be divided into two categories: internal status sensors (sensors that provide information about the internal status of the mobile robot); external status sensors (sensors that provide information about the environment in which the robot operates). Another classification of these could be: distance sensors, position sensors, environmental sensors - sensors that provide information about various properties and characteristics of the environment (example: temperature, pressure, color, brightness), inertial sensors.

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