Reorienting Migrant Marketplaces in le due Americhe during the Interwar Years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
South America ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Export Market ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
Immigration Restriction ◽  
Predominately Female

Chapters Five and Six focus on the interwar years, when a worldwide depression, intensifying restrictions against mobile people and products, and rising nationalisms changed the global geography of migrant marketplace connections. After World War I, U.S. economic expansion in South America and U.S. immigration restriction, which redirected Italians to Argentina, intensified North-South links between Italians in New York and Buenos Aires. Migrants in Buenos Aires expressed concern that the growing presence of U.S. capital and consumer goods threatened the Italian export market. After having targeted Italians as consumers in New York, U.S. food corporations like Armour and Company began targeting Italians in Buenos Aires as well. Meanwhile they capitalized on links between consumption and femininity made during the war to depict migrant marketplaces as predominately female.

International Opera in Nineteenth-century New York

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-269
Author(s):  
Karen Ahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War I ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
World War ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
The City

This chapter charts how canonic repertories evolved in very different forms in New York City during the nineteenth century. The unstable succession of entrepreneurial touring troupes that visited the city adapted both repertory and individual pieces to the audience’s taste, from which there emerged a major theater, the Metropolitan Opera, offering a mix of German, Italian, and French works. The stable repertory in place there by 1910 resembles to a considerable extent that performed in the same theater today. Indeed, all of the twenty-five operas most often performed between 1883 and 2015 at the Metropolitan Opera were written before World War I. The repertory may seem haphazard in its diversity, but that very condition proved to be its strength in the long term. This chapter is paired with Benjamin Walton’s “Canons of real and imagined opera: Buenos Aires and Montevideo, 1810–1860.”

Migrant Marketplaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Immigration Restriction ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Mass Migration

Migrant Marketplaces explores how connections between Italian people and foods in Italy, the United States, and Argentina influenced migrants’ consumer experiences and identities in New York and Buenos Aires during the age of mass migration. The book analyzes discussion about and representations of foodstuffs in the migrant press to characterize New York and Buenos Aires as “migrant marketplaces,” urban spaces defined by transnational linkages between mobile people and goods. As migrant marketplaces, New York and Buenos Aires were global and gendered sites where Italians interacted with foods from their home and host countries in ways that shaped migrants’ consumer identities and practices, the consumer cultures in which they were enmeshed, and wider transatlantic commodity networks. Over the course of the twentieth century, migrant marketplaces feminized, as World War I, tariffs, immigration restriction, and U.S. business interests in Latin America shifted ties between food consumption and notions of Italianness from single male laborers to female consumers and families. Using a comparative perspective, the book also examines race making and the evolution of tipo italiano, or Italian-style, foods in New York and Buenos Aires to identify nation-specific networks of meanings and experiences associated with Italian trade goods. Migrant Marketplaces of the Americas argues that Italians constructed changing and competing links between gender, nationalism, race, and ethnicity through the global foods they sold and consumed.

Mercé y Luque, Antonia Rosa (Stage Name: La Argentina; b. 4 September 1888, Buenos Aires, Argentina; d. 18 July 1936, Bayonne, France)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninotchka Bennahum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
World War ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
School Of Music ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Subject

Antonia Rosa Mercé y Luque, known by her stage name La Argentina, was the most celebrated Spanish dancer of the early 20th century. Greatly influenced by the modernist productions of the Ballets Russes who sought political refuge in neutral Spain during World War I, La Argentina fused the modernism of the Spanish School of Music to the Escuela Bolera, or Spanish Bolero School of classical dance, adding many rhythmic and choreographic stylizations from Romani flamenco and other complex regional styles of folk dance she had learned on ethnographic trips throughout Spain. This hybrid vision resulted in a polyrhythmic, African and Hispano-Arab-Sephardic fusion of musical and choreographic cultures whose artistic influence can still be felt along the Iberian Peninsula. With this rich and varied musical and choreographic vocabulary, and a full company of Romani, Spanish, and European dancers and musicians, La Argentina took Europe, the Americas and Asia by storm. Between her first tour to New York in 1915 and her final European performances in 1936, she introduced and cultivated global audiences by performing, touring, writing, publishing and giving afternoon lectures on the subject of the Spanish dance,

“Pro Patria”: Women and the Normalization of Migrant Consumption during World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
World War I ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
World War ◽  
Transnational Identities ◽  
Italian Language

Chapter Four argues that migrants’ involvement in transnational wartime campaigns normalized consumption as a “duty” to the homeland while fostering the growth of a united Italian identity among migrants. Italians in New York mobilized more often around U.S.-made goods, while Italians in Buenos Aires rallied around Italian imports. Furthermore, migrant women’s war-related activities, particularly “pro-wool” campaigns, created an opening for increased acceptance of migrant consumption associated with women after the war. During the interwar years, migrant marketplaces feminized, as advertisements about Italian food in the Italian-language press, as well as the transnational identities they generated, became increasingly moored to women. Supporting Italy valorized consumption of Italian, U.S., and Argentine goods in ways that strengthened migrants’ sense of Italianness while cultivating a distinct ethnic identity abroad.

Fascism and the Competition for Migrant Consumers, 1922–1940

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Zanoni
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
World War ◽  
Benito Mussolini ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
The U.S

Chapter Six demonstrates that connections between Italian consumers in New York and Buenos Aires became particularly politicized with the rise of Fascism in Italy. During the 1935 League of Nations’ boycott against Italy, Benito Mussolini called on migrants to consume for their homeland. Unlike World War I, however, during the boycott migrants used the Italian-language press to debate their patriotic duty as consumers and to form identities and experiences around U.S., Argentine, and Italian goods. Ironically, as Mussolini tried to divorce Italian women from Western-style consumerism at home, Italian-language newspapers abroad—supported economically by Italian fascists—employed links between women and foodstuffs to generate ethnic identities. By the 1930s, Italy, the U.S., and Argentina all competed for the attention of Italian consumers, especially women.

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