Reconstruction of the Eustachian Tube and Anterior Tympanic Cavity

✓Spontaneous tension pneumocephalus (TPC) related to shunt surgery has sometimes been reported with reference to the Valsalva maneuver and osseous defects of the tegmen tympani. Here, the authors report on a case of TPC complicated by eustachian tube (ET) insufflation and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. This 78-year-old man had undergone VP shunt insertion 3 weeks before readmission to the hospital with a diagnosis of TPC, a left temporal porencephalic cyst, and air accumulation and late leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the left tympanic cavity. The TPC was controlled successfully by ligation of the shunt tube. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of this complicated TPC case, which illustrates the risk of ET insufflation in patients undergoing CSF shunt surgery.

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Comparative study of the tympanic cavity of the cattle and buffalo

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.263 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 114-120

Author(s):

S. AL Sadi

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

Text Book ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Result Show ◽

Temporal Bones ◽

New Surgical Technique

The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the tympanic cavity in cattle and buffalo and to be recognize all parts of the tympanic cavity for its clinical purposes. There are general anatomical explanation about the middle ear in anatomy text book, however there are no studies in the literature on the morphology of the tympanic cavity in the buffalo, the region is important clinically as a frequent point of attachment for prostheses. As a recent studies have focused on the reconstruction of defects occurring in these tympanic cavity to aid in the development of new surgical technique. Twelve temporal bones from six heads of adult cattle and buffalo were used, the cavity had been investigated on both sides after dissection them, the features of the cavity were assessed with a measurement done by using digital veirenear calipers and measurement tap and photograph by a stereomicroscope. The result show that the tympanic cavity can be divided into three parts, dorsal (epitympanic recess) middle (proper tympanic cavity) and ventral (tympanic bulla), size communicating freely with each other. Epitympanic recess has handle the head of the malleus ,which embedded in the medial surface of tympanic membrane , the proper tympanic cavity has three ossicles are connected to each other , in buffalo being the most developed and the ossicles of the cattle are relatively small , but the incus is more pronounced. Malleus is intimately fused with the incus, it was therefore not possible to separate the malleus and incus. The proper tympanic cavity has tympanic membrane the membrane can be divided into pars flaccids and pars tensa, in buffalo was more development, large in size and oval in shape, with a darker color and thick, but in cattle was rectangle in shape, with a lighter color and thin comparative with buffalo. The tympanic cavity has two skeletal muscles (stapedius and tensor tympanic muscles), the stapedius muscle is ill developed and the greater part of the tensor tympanic muscle was tendinous in buffalo. The proper tympanic cavity has four opening, the external acoustic meatus, the fenestra ovals, the fenestra rotundum and the Eustachian tube. The first three opening are closed by membrane partitions, the Eustachian tube or the auditory tube is short, and (4-5) cm in length and this can clearly why the tympanic cavity of the animal is easily susptable for infections. The ventral of the tympanic cavity was sieve - like present large number of formation which continues with the air cell of the tympanic bulla, the cell which lie directly ventral to the proper tympanic cavity was communicate with those around the external acoustic meatus and facial canal .

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Eustachian tube mucociuary transport in chronic suppurative otitis media

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0406148j ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (5-6) ◽

pp. 148-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Snezana Jesic ◽

Vladimir Nesic

Keyword(s):

Tympanic Membrane ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Traumatic Rupture ◽

Mucociliary Transport ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Mean Time

Eustachian tube dysfunction is one of the well-known factors leading to development of chronic suppurative otitis media. Tube mucociliary transport is important for elimination of the inflammation products from the middle ear enabling recovery of the affected mucosa of the middle ear, local circulation and restoration of normal air pressure in the middle ear. The study was aimed at determining: 1. whether perforation site on the tympanic membrane influences tube mucociliary transport time in individuals with traumatic rupture of the eardrum; 2. possible time difference of tube mucociliary transport between group of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media and group of patients with traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane; 3. possible time difference of tube mucociliary transport between chronic tubotympanic type of suppurative otitis media, so called tubotympanic otitis media and atticoantral type of chronic suppurative otitis media, the so called atticoantral otitis; 4. the association between the degree of defect of the tympanic membrane mucosa and time of tube mucociliary transport in each individual type of chronic suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Eustachian tube mucociliary transport was studied in 16 patients with tubotympanic otitis, in 13 patients with atticoantral otitis and in 9 patients with traumatic rupture of the eardrum (control group of patients). All patients were treated at the Institute of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade during 2002. Tube mucociliary transport was studied upon instillation of 10 ?l 5% sterile saccharine solution through the existing eardrum perforation in the course of preoperative preparation of the patient for surgical intervention. The time interval from the moment of sterile saccharine solution application till perception of the sweet taste in the mouth and pharynx was measured in studied patients. The obtained results were analyzed using the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics (t-test for small independent samples). The mean time of tube mucociliary transport in patients with traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane was 7.6 minutes. The mean time of tube mucociliary transport in tubotympanic otitis with normal mucosa of the tympanic cavity promontorium was 15 minutes, while mean time of tube mucociliary transport in tubotympanic otitis with polypoid changes of the promontory mucosa was 24 minutes (t=5.218; p<0.01). Mean time of tube mucociliary transport in atticoantral otitis with normal promontory mucosa of the tympanic cavity was 35.5 minutes, while mean time of mucociliary tube transport in atticoantral otitis with polypoid changes of promontory mucosa was 48 minutes (t=6.99; p<0.01). In the irreversibly changed tympanic cavity mucosa, tube clearance saccharine test was negative even after one hour. The results of our study indicate the possibility that prolonged mucociliary tube transport has greater influence to development of atticoantral otitis rather than to development of tubotympanic otitis. The association between the degree of mucosal defect and time of mucociliary transport was evidenced in both types of chronic suppurative inflammation of the middle ear.

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Relation between Nasal and Middle Ear Allergy Experimental Study

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/00034894800890s337 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Toshio Yamashita ◽

Nobuhiro Okazaki ◽

Tadami Kumazawa

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Otitis Media With Effusion ◽

The Other ◽

Nasal Allergy ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

Direct Relation

This study was undertaken to clarify the relation between nasal allergy and otitis media with effusion and to observe histologically the allergic changes in the eustachian tube itself in animals. Allergic changes in the eustachian tube and tympanic cavity were clearly observed histologically when the antigen had been introduced into the tympanic cavity of sensitized guinea pigs. On the other hand, administration of the antigen into the nose produced marked allergic changes in the nose and pharynx but no change in the eustachian tube or tympanic cavity. In view of these findings, it is suggested that allergy of the nose bears little direct relation to that of the middle ear and the eustachian tube.

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New morphometric findings in adhesive otitis media: Petroclival angle and eustachian tube-tympanic cavity ventilation angle

Auris Nasus Larynx ◽

10.1016/j.anl.2009.03.003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bulent Satar ◽

Yusuf Hidir ◽

Unsal Coskun

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

Adhesive Otitis Media

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Value of middle ear inflation as a diagnostic indicator of eustachian tube patency

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221510011206x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 134-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Luntz ◽

J. Sadé

Keyword(s):

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Diagnostic Procedure ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

Tubal Patency ◽

Tube Obstruction ◽

Tube Dysfunction ◽

And Function ◽

Diagnostic Indicator

AbstractThe value of tubal inflation as a diagnostic procedure for Eustachian tube patency and function is controversial. In an attempt to assess the diagnostic value of air douche in atelectatic ears, 49 such ears of 40 patients were politzerized. The procedure was successful in 45 ears. However, of the four unsuccessful cases, two of the patients were able to autoinflate their ears. These results show that air douches pass regularly through the Eustachian tube into the tympanic cavity even in atelectatic ears, which by definition suffer from aeration deficiency, which is often considered to be secondary to ‘Eustachian tube obstruction’, or alternatively ‘Eustachian tube dysfunction’. Thus, the ability to force air through the Eustachian tube by politzerization is of no diagnostic value as an indicator of normal or abnormal tubal patency or functioning in atelectatic ears and most probably in allied conditions.

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Effects of Staphylococcus Aureus on the Ciliary Activity of the Middle Ear Lining

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348948709600218 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 225-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽

Shoko Kihara ◽

Yoshiaki Nakai ◽

Hiroshi Ikeoka

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Previous Investigation ◽

The Other ◽

Ciliary Activity ◽

Tympanic Cavity ◽

In Vitro System

Our previous investigation using normal guinea pigs disclosed that, like respiratory mucosa, the middle ear lining has ciliary activity, and that this ciliary activity becomes more active as the location becomes more distal to the eustachian tube. In this experimental study, the effects of Staphylococcus aureus on the middle ear lining was examined from functional and morphological viewpoints. In conclusion, the ciliary activity at the entrance to the eustachian tube and that more distal to the tube present a similar pattern of reaction to S aureus in an in vitro system. On the other hand, the ciliary activity of the middle ear lining displays a varying pattern of reaction according to the locations within the tympanic cavity.

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