Estadística multivariante para la caracterización sectorial según la infraestructura de las viviendas en San Carlos de Zulia

Se determinó un perfil de la infraestructura de una población rural en Venezuela con respecto a la vivienda según el sector, realizando un análisis de correspondencias simple en donde se compararon las variables de infraestructura con respecto a la variable “sector”. La base de datos se obtuvo de una investigación previa basada en un cuestionario del censo de población y vivienda del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) de una muestra de 226 hogares. Los resultados obtenidos variaron según el tipo de infraestructura y servicios básicos del sector. La técnica de análisis de correspondencias simple mostró ventajas y desventajas como método para caracterizar poblaciones. Palabras clave: Análisis de correspondencias simple, análisis multivariante, caracterización, infraestructura. Abstract A profile of the infrastructure of a rural population in Venezuela was determined with respect to housing according to the sector, performing a simple correspondence analysis in which the infrastructure variables were compared with respect to the variable "sector". The database was obtained from a previous investigation based on a questionnaire of the population and housing census of the National Institute of Statistics (INE) of a sample of 226 households. The results obtained varied according to the type of infrastructure and basic services in the sector. The simple correspondence analysis technique showed advantages and disadvantages as a method to characterize populations. Keywords: Simple Correspondence Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Characterization, Infrastructure.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Prevalence among Participants of Woodstock Rock Festival in Poland Based on Rome IV Criteria Questionnaire

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), in which etiology and pathogenesis are not fully explored. There is an ongoing need for more population studies adhering to new ROME IV criteria. In the current study, which follows our previous investigation among participants of the Woodstock Rock Festival in Poland, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IBS and its relation to age, gender, education, and IBS type. Methods: Rome IV criteria questionnaire was used to assess abdominal complaints of 386 participants of the Woodstock Rock festival 2018. Results: Analyzed data revealed that Rome IV criteria were met by 42 participants (11.41%), 11 men and 31 women (p = 0.0028), with following types of IBS: IBS-M (mixed form) 55%, IBS-D (with diarrhea) 33%, IBS-U (unclassified) 10%, IBS-C (with constipation) 2%. No statistically significant correlation between IBS prevalence and age, gender, or education (p > 0.05) was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS among major rock festival participants in Poland was high. Women met the criteria more often than men, which is consistent with global epidemiology for many years. Among participants of the Woodstock Rock Festival, the most frequent subtype was IBS-M, the rarest—IBS-C. There is a need of conducting cohort studies in bigger groups in our population.

Effects of yield point and plastic anisotropy on results of elastic-plastic finite element analysis of tension leveling

Tension leveling is an important industrial process to eliminate the flatness defects and residual stresses of metal strips to provide high-quality sheet metals for subsequent sheet metal forming. The finite element (FE) method can be applied to elucidate the effects of process parameters on the quality of sheets after tension leveling for various materials. In our previous investigation, an accurate FE model considering the anisotropy and cyclic plasticity of materials has been established for the elastic-plastic FE analysis of tension leveling. In this study, we further studied the effects of the yield point and plastic anisotropy on tension leveling using the FE model established in our previous investigation. Aiming at improving the accuracy of simulation, a modified constitutive model was developed to describe the anisotropic hardening of materials under cyclic loading. The modified constitutive model was implemented into Abaqus/Standard as a user-defined material (UMAT) subroutine to simulate the development of the anisotropy in materials during tension leveling. The modified model was also applied to the FE analysis of sheet metal forming processes to demonstrate its simulation capability and accuracy.

Reassessment of the Mollusc Gleaning Fishery in Malalison Island, Antique Province, West Central Philippines

Gleaning activity in Malalison Island in Culasi, Antique, Philippines, was revisited and monitored monthly from May 2018 to April 2020 to compare with results from a previous investigation in 2003. Overall, slight differences were noted in the daily catch, effort, and catch rates between 2003 and 2020, whereas substantial differences were observed in the monthly and annual catches. A total of 26 species of molluscs were recorded, which was slightly lower than the previous number (= 30), dominated by the gastropods, Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758, Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758, Canarium urceus (Linnaeus, 1758), Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) which represented 79 % of the catch. The mean daily catch was 1.15 kg.gleaner-1 with catch rates ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 kg.day-1.gleaner-1, was slightly lower than the estimates in 2003 (0.9 to 2.5 kg.day-1). The observed mean monthly catch (29.6 kg) was considerably higher than the 2003 estimate (6.1 kg), which subsequently resulted in a higher estimated annual catch (1,867–2,178 kg), value (USD2,352–2,783), and gleaner income (USD392–464) in 2020 compared to estimates in 2003. Despite the changes in the catch, effort, and value estimated for the gleaning fishery in the island since 2003, locals continue to supplement their household incomes through gleaning. Nonetheless, additional investigations into the reproductive and population biology of the different species may be needed to understand further the dynamics of this fishery and its impacts on the species' ecologies.

Molecular diagnosis of thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Fusarium fujikuroi in Japan

Fusarium fujikuroi is the pathogen of rice bakanae disease, and is subclassified into gibberellin and fumonisin groups (G- and F-groups). Thiophanate-methyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, has been used extensively to control F. fujikuroi. Previous investigation showed that F-group strains are thiophanate-methyl sensitive (TMS), while most G-group strains are thiophanate-methyl resistant (TMR) in Japan. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in TMS strains was 1–10 μg mL-1, while that in TMR strains was higher than 100 μg mL-1. E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin were detected in TMR strains. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-fluorescent loop primer (LAMP-FLP) method was developed for diagnosis of these mutations, and was applied to 37 TMR strains and 56 TMS strains. The result indicated that 100% of TMR strains were identified as having either the E198K mutation (41%) or the F200Y mutation (59%), while none of the TMS strains tested showed either mutation. We found one remarkable TMR strain in the F-group which had a F200Y mutation. These results suggest that E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin contribute to thiophanate-methyl resistance in F. fujikuroi.

Pseudosterins A–C, Three 1-Ethyl-3-formyl-β-carbolines from Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Their Cardioprotective Effects

Pseudostellaria heterophylla is used in China not only as a functional food but also as an herb to tonify the spleen, enhance immunity, and treat palpitation. Our previous investigation showed that a fraction enriched in glycosides obtained from the roots of P. heterophylla possessed pronounced protective effects on H9c2 cells against CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury. However, the active compounds responsible for the observed effects were still unknown. In the current investigation, pseudosterins A–C (1–3), three new alkaloids with a 1-ethyl-3-formyl-β-carboline skeleton, together with polydatin, have been isolated from the active fraction. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. The four compounds showed cardioprotective effects against sodium hydrosulfite-induced hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in H9c2 cells, with the three alkaloids being more potent. This is also the first report of alkaloids with a β-carboline skeleton isolated from P. heterophylla as cardioprotective agents.

DEFORMATION AND BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW CONICAL SHELLS BASED ON IMPROVED MODEL OF WIND LOAD USING ENVIRONMENT ANSYS

The process of deformation and buckling of shallow thin-walled elastic conical shells has been investigated for the case of significantly non-uniform stress-strain state due to the action of wind load based on improved model of pressure application schema to the surface of shallow shell and for hinged hedge of border. An improved model of wind load was based on data presented in terms [5, 6] and was a logical continuation of previous investigation of wind action on shallow conical shells based on model of first approach [3]. Deformation and buckling process investigation has been carried out using software ANSYS which effectivity was approved by the fact of being used by NASA for its aerospace projects. A model of shallow conical shell has been made using four-corner finite element SHELL 281 with 8 nodes that let us obtain not only symmetrical relatively to the axis of rotation buckling form but an asymmetrical too. Two types of computation have been made during numerical modeling – linear bifurcation computation with determination of linear pressure qcr value and corresponding to it buckling form, and computation of geometrically non-linear problem of deformation with determination of limit pressure qlim and corresponding buckling form. Obtained buckling forms have been compared to the deformed shape of shell surface when aerodynamic computations have been carried out using software ANSYS. An estimation analysis has been made for case of application of improved model of wind load in comparison to the previous investigation according to the values of baring capacity and buckling shape coherence during resolution of static tasks and comparison to the results of aerodynamic solution. An analysis of base parameter influence has been carried out for the model of first approach and current improved model according to the bearing capacity value and local extremums on schema of pressure intensity distribution of wind load. Specific moments of deformation process computations based on improved model using environment ANSYS have been mentioned and of further analysis on the basis of improved model with it specifics have been given too.

A Quantitative Study on English Polyfunctional Words

This paper reports quantitative research on the parts of speech of English words using the data from British National Corpus. Most of the part-of-speech investigations focus on the rank-frequency distribution. However, in English and many other languages, we can find that partd of speech can be ambiguous. For example, hope can be a noun and a verb. Such words are called polyfunctional words, while other words, which belong to only one part of speech, are called monofunctional words. The number of parts of speech that a word belongs to is referred to as polyfunctionality. First, we study polyfunctionality distribution of English words and find that the Shenton-Skees-geometric and the Waring distributions capture the data very well. Then, we group words according to their part of speech,e.g., monofunctional nouns, like Saturday, and polyfunctional nouns, like hope (noun, verb) compose noun group, and try to work out a general model for all the groups. The result is that the extended positive binomial distribution captures all the groups except the article group, because of the sparsity of the data. Last, we study the diversification variants. Since there are polyfunctional words in each group, e.g., in a noun group, a polyfunctional noun may also be a verb, we consider the verb function as a diversification variant and try to model the rank-frequency distribution of variants with the Popescu-Altmann function, as used in the previous investigation. The results show very good fit for all groups exzept conjunction group.

Multitiered Early Literacy Identification in 3-Year-Old Children in Head Start Settings

Three-year-old children are seldom the focus in studies about supplemental early literacy instructional support. This study examines 3-year-old children’s potential need for additional early literacy support, extending and replicating a previous investigation that identified prekindergarten children (i.e., 4-year-olds) in Head Start classrooms for additional tiers of early literacy support. The sample included 143 children from Head Start centers in a southeastern, urban region of the United States who had received both fall and spring administrations of an early literacy screener (i.e., Get Ready to Read! —Revised). Standard scores were used to classify children into three tiers, and child tier movement from fall to spring was analyzed. Results support the feasibility of a tiered approach for examining 3-year-old children’s early literacy instructional needs. This might allow researchers and practitioners to provide intervention to children much sooner, thereby increasing the potential for positive long-term reading outcomes.

Luminescence dating of a late Middle Pleistocene glacial advance in eastern England

Previous investigation of isolated landforms, on the eastern margin of the East Anglian Fenland, England, has demonstrated that they represent an ice-marginal delta and alluvial fan complex deposited at the margin of an ice lobe that entered the Fenland during the ‘Tottenhill glaciation’ (termed the ‘Skertchly Line’). They have been attributed, based on regional correlations, to a glaciation during the Late Wolstonian (i.e. Late Saalian) Substage (Drenthe Stadial, early Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6). This paper aimed to test this correlation by directly optically luminescence dating, for the first time, sediments found within the Skertchly Line at Shouldham Thorpe, Norfolk, and Maidscross Hill, Suffolk, together with those in associated kame terrace deposits at Watlington, Norfolk. Ages ranged from 244 ± 10 ka to 12.8 ± 0.46 ka, all the results being younger than MIS 8 with some clearly showing the landforms have been subsequently subjected to periglacial processes, particularly during the Late Devensian Substage (∼MIS 2). Most of the remainder fall within the range 169–212 ka and could be assigned to MIS 6, thus confirming the previously proposed age of the glaciation. The local and regional implications of these conclusions are discussed, the maximum ice limit being linked to that of the Amersfoort–Nijmegen glaciotectonic ridge limit in the central Netherlands.