scholarly journals Comparative study of the tympanic cavity of the cattle and buffalo

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
S. AL Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
New Surgical Technique

The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the tympanic cavity in cattle and buffalo and to be recognize all parts of the tympanic cavity for its clinical purposes. There are general anatomical explanation about the middle ear in anatomy text book, however there are no studies in the literature on the morphology of the tympanic cavity in the buffalo, the region is important clinically as a frequent point of attachment for prostheses. As a recent studies have focused on the reconstruction of defects occurring in these tympanic cavity to aid in the development of new surgical technique. Twelve temporal bones from six heads of adult cattle and buffalo were used, the cavity had been investigated on both sides after dissection them, the features of the cavity were assessed with a measurement done by using digital veirenear calipers and measurement tap and photograph by a stereomicroscope. The result show that the tympanic cavity can be divided into three parts, dorsal (epitympanic recess) middle (proper tympanic cavity) and ventral (tympanic bulla), size communicating freely with each other. Epitympanic recess has handle the head of the malleus ,which embedded in the medial surface of tympanic membrane , the proper tympanic cavity has three ossicles are connected to each other , in buffalo being the most developed and the ossicles of the cattle are relatively small , but the incus is more pronounced. Malleus is intimately fused with the incus, it was therefore not possible to separate the malleus and incus. The proper tympanic cavity has tympanic membrane the membrane can be divided into pars flaccids and pars tensa, in buffalo was more development, large in size and oval in shape, with a darker color and thick, but in cattle was rectangle in shape, with a lighter color and thin comparative with buffalo. The tympanic cavity has two skeletal muscles (stapedius and tensor tympanic muscles), the stapedius muscle is ill developed and the greater part of the tensor tympanic muscle was tendinous in buffalo. The proper tympanic cavity has four opening, the external acoustic meatus, the fenestra ovals, the fenestra rotundum and the Eustachian tube. The first three opening are closed by membrane partitions, the Eustachian tube or the auditory tube is short, and (4-5) cm in length and this can clearly why the tympanic cavity of the animal is easily susptable for infections. The ventral of the tympanic cavity was sieve - like present large number of formation which continues with the air cell of the tympanic bulla, the cell which lie directly ventral to the proper tympanic cavity was communicate with those around the external acoustic meatus and facial canal .

scholarly journals Eustachian tube mucociuary transport in chronic suppurative otitis media

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Jesic ◽  
Vladimir Nesic
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Mean Time

Eustachian tube dysfunction is one of the well-known factors leading to development of chronic suppurative otitis media. Tube mucociliary transport is important for elimination of the inflammation products from the middle ear enabling recovery of the affected mucosa of the middle ear, local circulation and restoration of normal air pressure in the middle ear. The study was aimed at determining: 1. whether perforation site on the tympanic membrane influences tube mucociliary transport time in individuals with traumatic rupture of the eardrum; 2. possible time difference of tube mucociliary transport between group of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media and group of patients with traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane; 3. possible time difference of tube mucociliary transport between chronic tubotympanic type of suppurative otitis media, so called tubotympanic otitis media and atticoantral type of chronic suppurative otitis media, the so called atticoantral otitis; 4. the association between the degree of defect of the tympanic membrane mucosa and time of tube mucociliary transport in each individual type of chronic suppurative inflammation of the middle ear. Eustachian tube mucociliary transport was studied in 16 patients with tubotympanic otitis, in 13 patients with atticoantral otitis and in 9 patients with traumatic rupture of the eardrum (control group of patients). All patients were treated at the Institute of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade during 2002. Tube mucociliary transport was studied upon instillation of 10 ?l 5% sterile saccharine solution through the existing eardrum perforation in the course of preoperative preparation of the patient for surgical intervention. The time interval from the moment of sterile saccharine solution application till perception of the sweet taste in the mouth and pharynx was measured in studied patients. The obtained results were analyzed using the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics (t-test for small independent samples). The mean time of tube mucociliary transport in patients with traumatic rupture of the tympanic membrane was 7.6 minutes. The mean time of tube mucociliary transport in tubotympanic otitis with normal mucosa of the tympanic cavity promontorium was 15 minutes, while mean time of tube mucociliary transport in tubotympanic otitis with polypoid changes of the promontory mucosa was 24 minutes (t=5.218; p<0.01). Mean time of tube mucociliary transport in atticoantral otitis with normal promontory mucosa of the tympanic cavity was 35.5 minutes, while mean time of mucociliary tube transport in atticoantral otitis with polypoid changes of promontory mucosa was 48 minutes (t=6.99; p<0.01). In the irreversibly changed tympanic cavity mucosa, tube clearance saccharine test was negative even after one hour. The results of our study indicate the possibility that prolonged mucociliary tube transport has greater influence to development of atticoantral otitis rather than to development of tubotympanic otitis. The association between the degree of mucosal defect and time of mucociliary transport was evidenced in both types of chronic suppurative inflammation of the middle ear.

scholarly journals Tympanic cavity ultraphonophoresis in cases of preserving integrity of tympanic membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Krotov ◽  
◽  
Yu. T. Ignat’ev ◽  
Yu. A. Krotov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Intermediate Medium

One of the most common treatments for the middle ear disorders is the injection of medications into the tympanic cavity through the acoustic meatus. This method has proven itself in treatment of the perforated forms of otitis. In cases of preserving the integrity of the tympanic membrane, its efficacy is arguable due to the impossibility of drug direct penetration via the membrane and contact with the mucous membrane. To increase the permeability of the tympanum, the authors used endaural phonophoresis of drugs. The drug penetration into the tympanum was confirmed by multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the temporal bones before and after contrasted ultraphonophoresis with tissue contrast. A 5% solution of potassium iodide was used as a contrast substance, as well as a solution of dexamethasone, which served as an intermediate medium in patients with external otitis and a chronic secretory otitis media. The mechanism of penetration was associated with the primary accumulation of the drug in the layers of the tympanic and adjacent mucous membranes with further dissemination into the deeper parts of the tympanic cavity. An additional confirmation of this is the reaction of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, the mastoid process and the airiness restoration during endaural phonophoresis with dexamethasone. Ultraphonophoresis of drugs through the imperforated eardrum can be used in the conservative treatment of protracted forms of secretory otitis media.

Anatomical Features Around Eustachian Tube in Eosinophilic Otitis Media With Eosinophilic Sinusitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ohira ◽  
Manabu Komori ◽  
Hidehito Matsui ◽  
Hanae Furuya ◽  
Riko Kajiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Anatomical Features

Causes of failure of combined approach tympanoplasty in the treatment of acquired cholesteatomas of the middle ear and the mastoid

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 710-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Causes Of Failure

AbstractForty cases of failed combined approach tympanoplasty were analysed. The commonest cause of failure was adhesions between the facial ridge and the tympanic membrane, causing segmental attico-mastoid malaeration in 51.3 per cent of cases followed-up continually. Other causes were, large dermoids, incomplete removal of squamous epithelium, and eustachian tube obstruction. Eustachian tube dysfunction did not appear to be a major cause of failure.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Eustachian Tube and Anterior Tympanic Cavity

1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Kiyotaka Murata ◽  
Akira Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Tympanic Cavity

scholarly journals Determination of the Anatomical Features of the Temporal Bones at the Stage of Planning Extraoral Implantation in Ectoprosthetics of the Auricle

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
D. A. Lezhnev ◽  
S. D. Arutyunov ◽  
E. Yu. Lazarenko ◽  
M. V. Magomedbekova
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Prosthetic Reconstruction ◽  
Intervention Planning ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Fixation System

At the present stage of the development of maxillofacial surgery, the treatment of patients with defects in the auricles is one of the most difficult. Defects of the auricles, characterized by its absence, are divided according to the etiological factor into two main groups: congenital (microtia) and acquired (as a result of injuries of various origins). Microtia (including anotia the complete absence of the auricle) is a malformation of the auricle and the external auditory canal caused by anomalies of the first and second zygomatic arch and the first sulcus.Congenital malformations of the auricle occur in 1 out of 700–15 000 newborns and more often have a right-sided localization. In 15 % of cases, they are hereditary, and in 85 % they are sporadic, in boys they are detected on average 2–2,5 times more often than in girls.Currently, much attention is paid to the prosthetic reconstruction of the auricle with fixation by means of cranial intraosseous implants. At the same time precise diagnostics of the state of the temporal bones in the area of the proposed implantation and the correct positioning of the intraosseous supports are the basis of an effective fixation system. Among the methods of radiological diagnostics used for planning ectoprosthetics of the auricles, radiography has long been preferred. However, the introduction of computed tomography into clinical practice has provided a high-quality assessment of the temporal bones state, which has increased the efficiency of surgical intervention planning and treatment.

Middle ear gas exchange in isobaric counterdiffusion

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Dueker ◽  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
J. J. Rosowski ◽  
J. C. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Gas Space ◽  
Counter Diffusion

Nitrous oxide entry into the middle ear gas space was studied in cats in relation to anesthesia and the vestibular dysfunction caused by isobaric inert gas counter-diffusion in diving. A catheter implanted in the auditory bulla was used for direct gas sampling and pressure measurements. Experiments were designed to evaluate the participation of the eustachian tube, mucosal blood vessels, and tympanic membrane in middle ear gas exchange. The eustachian tube did not contribute to N2O entry and the mucosal blood supply only contributed about one-third of the total N2O accumulation. Diffusion across the tympanic membrane accounted for most of the N2O entering the middle ear from ambient and respiratory environments containing N2O.

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