Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aaron Deter-Wolf ◽  
Tanya M. Peres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cumberland River ◽  
And Function ◽  
Culture Phase

This introduction presents a brief geologic overview of the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee. It describes the research interests that culminated in the creation of this volume and positions the volume within the overall context of Archaic shell-bearing site excavations in the Southeastern United States and the Shell Mound Archaic culture phase. The introduction further summarizes the prevailing theories as to the creation and function of Archaic shell-bearing sites which have been generated by research in other regions of the coastal and interior Southeast. Finally, it presents a short overview of the contributed chapters.

A New View of the Shell-Bearing Archaic in the Middle Cumberland River Valley

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-184
Author(s):  
Tanya M. Peres ◽  
Aaron Deter-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Green River ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cumberland River ◽  
And Function ◽  
Molluscan Species ◽  
Cultural Features

While Archaic shell-bearing sites along the coastal margins of the southeastern United States have been the subject of multi-year investigations, interior riverine shell-bearing sites have, with the exception ofCarlstonAnnis on the Green River in Kentucky, garnered only limited study. Nevertheless, the combined data from coastal and interior shell-bearing sites have led to broad regional interpretations of the Shell Mound Archaic and debate between archaeologists about site construction and function. Archaic shell-bearing sites in the southeastern United States vary widely in terms of chronologies, horizontal and vertical structure, the types of cultural features they contain, and molluscan species composition. This has led to a growing realization that Archaic shell-bearing sites cannot—or should not—be lumped into a single pan-regional culture and that the “mound vs. midden” debate presents an interpretive logjam that does not satisfactorily address local and regional variations. The specific chronologies and composition of Archaic shell-bearing sites in the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Middle Tennessee constitute a unique regional phenomenon distinct from other interior riverine sites lumped within the Shell Mound Archaic paradigm.

Functional Considerations of Warfare in the Southeast during The Mississippi Period

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
And Function

AbstractDuring the last purely aboriginal period in the southeastern United States, most, if not all, of the settlements in the interior areas were fortified, implying a cultural pattern of extensive warfare. This paper examines the nature and function of defensive works protecting the sites and advances the hypothesis that warfare at this time resulted from competition for arable land.

Megascopic and Petrographic Analyses of a Foreign Pottery Vessel from the Cahokia Site

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Bareis ◽  
James Warren Porter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Mississippi River Valley ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
Lower Mississippi River Valley

AbstractA decorated pottery vessel excavated at the Cahokia site in southwestern Illinois is believed to be a specimen from the southeastern United States. A megascopic and a petrographic analysis are presented to confirm a southern origin. The megascopic analysis suggests that the vessel is of Caddoan derivation. The petrographic analysis demonstrates that the paste of the vessel is not indigenous to the American Bottoms and suggests the use of weathered Tertiary shale deposits from the lower Mississippi River Valley. Both analytical procedures are required in order to assess adequately the sources of origin for suspected foreign pottery specimens in archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Understanding Early Elementary Children's Conceptual Knowledge of Plant Structure and Function through Drawings

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Anderson ◽  
Jane P. Ellis ◽  
Alan M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Children's Drawings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Children’S Drawings ◽  
And Function

This study examined children's drawings to explain children's conceptual understanding of plant structure and function. The study explored whether the children's drawings accurately reflect their conceptual understanding about plants in a manner that can be interpreted by others. Drawing, survey, interview, and observational data were collected from 182 students in grades K and 1 in rural southeastern United States. Results demonstrated the children held a wide range of conceptions concerning plant structure and function. These young children held very simple ideas about plants with respect to both their structure and function. Consistent with the drawings, the interviews presented similar findings.

scholarly journals In Between Two Worlds: Past Perspectives on the Neosho Phase (A.D. 1400-1650)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Ford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
Cultural Trait ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dissertation Research

The Neosho phase (A.D. 1400-1650) in northeastern Oklahoma, northwestern Arkansas, southwestern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas represents Late Pre-contact peoples engaged in widespread trade from the Plains to groups in the southeastern United States. The phase has confounded researchers since its de.ftnition, although debates mainly concern one of two main questions concerning the identity of Neosho peoples: origins and cultural af.ftliation. Most research to date has focused simply on the question of emergence. Early in these debates, Orr (1946) suggested that Neosho peoples represented one or more plains-oriented groups that had migrated into the area, while Wyckoff (1980) and others later argued that Neosho represented a dissolution of the Arkansas River Valley Caddo- Mississippian system. Numerous issues have inhibited progress in defending either of these models, including a dependence upon research methods that rely upon descriptive cultural trait lists, a reluctance to contextualize and emplace Neosho peoples within the region at large, and even the initial de.ftnition of the phase and culture area. This article represents the beginning stages of my dissertation research and will focus on discussion of the Neosho phase, including previous research, issues and debates, and ways to resolve and reinvigorate research in this area and time period.

Reassessing Middle Archaic Stratigraphy and Chronology of the Anderson Site

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Aaron Deter-Wolf ◽  
Thaddeus G. Bissett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Middle Archaic ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Cumberland River ◽  
First Time ◽  
Williamson County

The Anderson site (40WM9) is located on the Harpeth River in Williamson County, Tennessee, and is the only shell-bearing Archaic site off the main channel of the Cumberland River in the Middle Cumberland River Valley to have undergone controlled archaeological testing. The site is further significant in that it is the oldest known shell-bearing Archaic site in the region and despite its size and depth presents a mid- to lateMiddle Archaic component with no direct evidence of occupation before or after that time. In addition, the Anderson sitehas produced some of the earliest evidence from the interior Southeastern United States for long-distance trade of marine shell. However, while the Anderson site has been widely cited in the literature on Archaic adaptations in the interior Southeastern United States, much of the data from the site have never been synthesized in a modern professional setting. This chapter presents a modern reexamination of the data from Anderson, for the first time fully correlating the site stratigraphy and associated cultural phases. When combined with Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon data, this effort clarifies the duration and sequence of site occupation and places it within the framework of more recent data from the region.

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