scholarly journals Urinary Olfactory Chemosignals in Lactating Females Show More Attractness to Male Root Voles (Microtus oeconomus)

10.5772/32678 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiangchao Cheng ◽  
Honghao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Lactating Females

Pregnancy Cravings: Visitation at a Food-Provisioning Site is Driven by the Reproductive Status of Bottlenose Dolphins

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Valeria Senigaglia ◽  
Lars Bejder
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Marine wildlife tourism attractions often use food rewards to ensure close-up encounters with freeranging animals. In Bunbury, Western Australia, the Dolphin Discovery Centre (DDC) conducts a foodprovision program where bottlenose dolphins (N = 22; between 2000 and 2018) are offered food rewards to encourage their visitation at a beach in front of the DDC. We used historical records on individual beach visits by adult female dolphins collected by the DDC from 2000 to 2018 to develop generalized mixed effects models (GLMM) to test whether the frequency of beach visitation was influenced by their reproductive status (pregnant, lactating, nonreproductive) or climatic events (El Niño-Southern Oscillation phases) that could affect prey availability. We also quantified the behavioral budget of dolphins during food-provisioning sessions and documented intra- and interspecific aggressive behaviors using individual focal follows collected in 2017–2018. Provisioned females spend most of the time resting within the interaction area (66.3%) and aggressive interactions arise as a consequence of dominance behavior over food access. Visitation rates were most influenced by reproductive status with pregnant and lactating females visiting the provisioning area more frequently (z = 2.085, p = 0.037 and z = 2.437, p = 0.014, respectively). Females that frequently visit the provisioning area expose their dependent calves to regular human interactions at an early age when they are more susceptible to behavioral conditioning. Such experiences could cause the loss of awareness towards humans and promote maladaptive behaviors such as begging that increase risk of entanglement in fishing gear, boat strikes, and propeller injuries.

Bats under a hot tin roof: comparing the microclimate of eastern cave bat (Vespadelus troughtoni) roosts in a shed and cave overhangs

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Law ◽  
M. Chidel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Maternity Roost ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

We compared the microclimate experienced by maternity groups of eastern cave bats (Vespadelus troughtoni) in northern New South Wales between roosts in overhang caves versus a nearby maternity roost beneath the corrugated iron roof of a farm shed. The shed’s microclimate differed dramatically from that of the caves. Caves provided well-buffered microclimate conditions, which were cooler and more humid than ambient conditions during the day, but were warmer and less humid than ambient at night. Early summer temperatures remained between 20 and 25°C in the maternity caves. In contrast, the microclimate at the shed was not buffered, with conditions varying enormously over a 24-h period, being hotter than ambient during the day (mean = 30°C, maximum = 40°C in the middle of the day), and similar to ambient at night (mean = 18°C at dawn). Rather than selecting thermal stability, lactating females selected warm, but variable, diurnal temperatures in the shed, presumably to sustain lactation. Under this situation, we estimated considerable energetic savings by roosting in the shed (27–35%, assuming normothermia) compared with that for caves, and even higher savings if bats were torpid in the mornings and passively rewarmed later (60–69%). Lactating bats therefore presumably traded-off the cost of leaving juveniles behind in a cool roost at night with these energetic benefits. In late autumn bats continued to roost in the shed with day temperatures rising above 30°C, compared with unoccupied caves, which were considerably cooler at this time (~20°C). Clarification of the estimated energy savings and the possible costs in terms of milk production requires further research to measure concurrently body temperatures, roost temperature and energy expenditure, together with juvenile growth in different types of roosts.

Holarctic phylogeography of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus): implications for late Quaternary biogeography of high latitudes

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brunhoff ◽  
K. E. Galbreath ◽  
V. B. Fedorov ◽  
J. A. Cook ◽  
M. Jaarola
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Root Vole

The history of genetic diversity and effective population size of an isolated Microtus oeconomus population on Kis Balaton

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Sládkovičová ◽  
Dávid Žiak ◽  
Peter Miklós ◽  
András Gubányi ◽  
Győző Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals High Mortality with Severe Dystrophic Cardiac Calcinosis in C3H/OUJ Mice Fed High Fat Purified Diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Everitt ◽  
L. M. Olson ◽  
J. B. Mangum ◽  
W. J. Visek
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cardiovascular Collapse ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Myocardial Degeneration ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Hydrogenated Soybean Oil

Severe degenerative myocardial disease occurred in female C3H/OUJ mice fed purified diets for 36 weeks; the diet contained 5% or 20% fat as non-hydrogenated soybean oil. Deaths of lactating females of this group (17/35 high fat diet and 7/35 low fat diet animals) were due to sudden cardiovascular collapse. Cardiomegaly with marked atrial and ventricular myocardial mineralization was seen at necropsy. Histologically. the random, myopathic foci were characterized by severe myocardial degeneration, mineralization, and fibrosis. Mural thrombosis, pulmonary arteriosclerosis, and mild myocardial inflammatory cell infiltrates were also present. Pathological changes were similar to those of dystrophic cardiac calcinosis, an incidental necropsy finding in certain mouse strains.

Dynamics of intestinal coccidia in peak density Microtus agrestis, Microtus oeconomus and Clethrionomus glareolus populations in Finland

Ecography ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Laakkonen ◽  
Antti Oksanen ◽  
Timo Soveri ◽  
Heikki Henttonen
Keyword(s):  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus

scholarly journals Chromosome polymorphism in the root vole (Microtus oeconomus)

Hereditas ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL FREDGA ◽  
ULF BERGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Root Vole
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