In this research, phase transformation and the role of NaOH on the structure of coal fly ash (CFA) during an alkali-calcination process were identified by a combination of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and deconvolution analysis. The variation in the different functional groups and structural parameters of the raw and post-alkali calcinated CFA were analysed by deconvolution of the FTIR results, conducted with a Gaussian approach. The results, firstly, provide a deep insight into the functional groups in CFA. In CFA systems, the vibration signals of Q0, Q1, Q2 and Q3 were detected and the dominant structural units associated with Si tetrahedron groups were isolated to Q3 and Q2. Deconvolution analysis of the band from 400 to 1400 cm−1 showed that the added NaOH resulted in an increase in Q1 at the cost of Q3 and Q2 and the degree of reaction of the CFA was, therefore, decreased. Concurrently, it was established that the changes in the Gaussian peak component were related to the calcination temperature and time that allowed us to tailor the model of the structural decomposition of CFA.
Metal Adsorption by Coal Fly Ash: The Role of Nano-sized Materials