Study on the Overall Reaction Pathways and Structural Transformations during Decomposition of Coal Fly Ash in the Process of Alkali-Calcination

In this research, phase transformation and the role of NaOH on the structure of coal fly ash (CFA) during an alkali-calcination process were identified by a combination of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and deconvolution analysis. The variation in the different functional groups and structural parameters of the raw and post-alkali calcinated CFA were analysed by deconvolution of the FTIR results, conducted with a Gaussian approach. The results, firstly, provide a deep insight into the functional groups in CFA. In CFA systems, the vibration signals of Q0, Q1, Q2 and Q3 were detected and the dominant structural units associated with Si tetrahedron groups were isolated to Q3 and Q2. Deconvolution analysis of the band from 400 to 1400 cm−1 showed that the added NaOH resulted in an increase in Q1 at the cost of Q3 and Q2 and the degree of reaction of the CFA was, therefore, decreased. Concurrently, it was established that the changes in the Gaussian peak component were related to the calcination temperature and time that allowed us to tailor the model of the structural decomposition of CFA.

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Synthesis of Zeolite from Fly Ash and Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Newly Synthesized Zeolite

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/356150 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1200-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Parag Solanki ◽

Vikal Gupta ◽

Ruchi Kulshrestha

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

13X Zeolite ◽

Alkali Fusion ◽

Type Zeolite ◽

The Cost

Coal fly ash was used to synthesize X-type zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. Characteristics of the various Fly ash samples were carried out. Coal proximate analysis was done. Batch experiment was carried out for the adsorption of some heavy metal ions on to synthesized Zeolite. The cost of synthesized zeolite was estimated to be almost one-fifth of that of commercial 13X zeolite available in the market.

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Locking down behavioural compliance: The role of emotion and emotion regulation in breaches of COVID-19 mitigation measures in Aotearoa New Zealand

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/13591053211029994 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135910532110299

Author(s):

Terise Broodryk ◽

Kealagh Robinson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Young Adults ◽

New Zealand ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand ◽

High Knowledge ◽

The Cost ◽

Insight Into

Although anxiety and worry can motivate engagement with COVID-19 preventative behaviours, people may cognitively reframe these unpleasant emotions, restoring wellbeing at the cost of public health behaviours. New Zealand young adults ( n = 278) experiencing nationwide COVID-19 lockdown reported their worry, anxiety, reappraisal and lockdown compliance. Despite high knowledge of lockdown policies, 92.5% of participants reported one or more policy breaches ( M = 2.74, SD = 1.86). Counter to predictions, no relationships were found between anxiety or worry with reappraisal or lockdown breaches. Findings highlight the importance of targeting young adults in promoting lockdown compliance and offer further insight into the role of emotion during a pandemic.

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Sustainable Consumption and Green Marketing in Developing Countries

Green Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7915-1.ch074 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1523-1544

Author(s):

Abiodun Elijah Obayelu

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Green Marketing ◽

Purchase Behavior ◽

Contemporary Society ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Cost ◽

Insight Into ◽

Structured Literature Review

This chapter provides an insight into why Green Marketing (GM) and Sustainable Consumption (SC) of green products are subject of research and discussion in contemporary society. It analyzed the extent of GM in developing countries using cases of Nigeria and Kenya, factors influencing GM, the benefits of GM on the environment and firms, and the challenges. The study is both exploratory with the use of structured literature review of publications in peer reviewed academic journals on GM and SC, and empirical in nature. The findings on respondents rating of factors influencing green purchase behavior showed that concern for health and environment was considered as the most important in Nigeria, while in Kenya it was social awareness and value. For an effective GM and SC, government at all levels has a role of creating awareness to boost green knowledge through educative campaign programs and enforcing green agenda. Government can make regulations relating to GM and ensure SC by lowering the cost when compared to the conventional marketing

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Nitration of Benzo[a]pyrene Adsorbed on Coal Fly Ash Particles by Nitrogen Dioxide: Role of Thermal Activation

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es0507867 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (18) ◽

pp. 6971-6977 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Robert L. Kristovich ◽

Prabir K. Dutta

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Thermal Activation ◽

Coal Fly Ash

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Intrinsic flexibility of porous materials; theory, modelling and the flexibility window of the EMT zeolite framework

Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science Crystal Engineering and Materials ◽

10.1107/s2052520615018739 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 641-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rachel E. Fletcher ◽

Stephen A. Wells ◽

Ka Ming Leung ◽

Peter P. Edwards ◽

Asel Sartbaeva

Keyword(s):

Real Space ◽

Ionic Conductors ◽

Static Properties ◽

Zeolite Framework ◽

Framework Materials ◽

Collective Motions ◽

The Cost ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light

Framework materials have structures containing strongly bonded polyhedral groups of atoms connected through their vertices. Typically the energy cost for variations of the inter-polyhedral geometry is much less than the cost of distortions of the polyhedra themselves – as in the case of silicates, where the geometry of the SiO4 tetrahedral group is much more strongly constrained than the Si—O—Si bridging angle. As a result, framework materials frequently display intrinsic flexibility, and their dynamic and static properties are strongly influenced by low-energy collective motions of the polyhedra. Insight into these motions can be obtained in reciprocal space through the `rigid unit mode' (RUM) model, and in real-space through template-based geometric simulations. We briefly review the framework flexibility phenomena in energy-relevant materials, including ionic conductors, perovskites and zeolites. In particular we examine the `flexibility window' phenomenon in zeolites and present novel results on the flexibility window of the EMT framework, which shed light on the role of structure-directing agents. Our key finding is that the crown ether, despite its steric bulk, does not limit the geometric flexibility of the framework.

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Dual role of coal fly ash in copper ion adsorption followed by thermal stabilization in a spinel solid solution

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra11495h ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (16) ◽

pp. 8805-8812 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pengfei Wu ◽

Yuanyuan Tang ◽

Zongwei Cai

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Coal Fly Ash ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Thermal Stabilization ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Spinel Solid Solution ◽

Ion Adsorption

Coal fly ash is usually used as a cost-effective adsorbent for heavy metal removal, accumulating large amounts of spent coal fly ash that requires further disposal.

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