With the arrival of 2021, the legislation of the Russian Federation is undergoing important changes and additions, which also affected the labor legislation. This creates the preconditions for the qualitative development of a risk-based approach in the field of occupational health and safety on Russian organizations. The study provides an overview of the current situation in the development of a risk-based approach to occupational health and safety management, and the problem of assessing occupational risks at construction enterprises is presented. Despite the promising changes in labor legislation, the employer still faces the difficult task of choosing a method for assessing occupational risks. The article presents a comparative analysis of existing methods for assessing professional risks, as a result of which the most suitable methodological approach to assessing professional risks in construction organizations was identified.