scholarly journals Diffraction Grating Groove Metrology Using AFM & STM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid I. Goray
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Surface Relief Gratings ◽  
Efficiency Data

AFM & STM metrology has been around for a long time, and especially intense since it has been awarded by the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. Since then, many AFM & STM groove profile measurements on surface relief diffraction gratings have been presented. However, a wide review of the results of the use of AFM & STM methods for groove metrology of various surface relief gratings has not really been undertaken. The following problems are discussed in this chapter: the cantilever tip deconvolution, geometry, and radius; groove shapes and abrupt groove slopes; roughness; PSD functions; etc. Also, the author demonstrates comparisons with other widely-used metrology techniques and examples of AFM & STM data of bulk, coated, and multilayer-coated ruled, or holographic, or lithographic gratings having realistic groove profiles. These gratings were chosen because high quality efficiency data exists, in particular, for space gratings or/and X-ray gratings characterized by synchrotron radiation sources; and their groove profiles, together with random nanoroughness, were measured by AFM or STM to be included in rigorous efficiency and scattered light intensity calculus. In the present chapter, both the earlier published results and the recent, non-published yet results are described and discussed.

scholarly journals Novel semi-analytical optoelectronic modeling based on homogenization theory for realistic plasmonic polymer solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Arefinia ◽  
Dip Prakash Samajdar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Homogenization Theory ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Long Time

AbstractNumerical-based simulations of plasmonic polymer solar cells (PSCs) incorporating a disordered array of non-uniform sized plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) impose a prohibitively long-time and complex computational demand. To surmount this limitation, we present a novel semi-analytical modeling, which dramatically reduces computational time and resource consumption and yet is acceptably accurate. For this purpose, the optical modeling of active layer-incorporated plasmonic metal NPs, which is described by a homogenization theory based on a modified Maxwell–Garnett-Mie theory, is inputted in the electrical modeling based on the coupled equations of Poisson, continuity, and drift–diffusion. Besides, our modeling considers the effects of absorption in the non-active layers, interference induced by electrodes, and scattered light escaping from the PSC. The modeling results satisfactorily reproduce a series of experimental data for photovoltaic parameters of plasmonic PSCs, demonstrating the validity of our modeling approach. According to this, we implement the semi-analytical modeling to propose a new high-efficiency plasmonic PSC based on the PM6:Y6 PSC, having the highest reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) to date. The results show that the incorporation of plasmonic NPs into PM6:Y6 active layer leads to the PCE over 18%.

Parameter Optimization for Vibration Flow Field of Polystyrene Melts via RBF Neural Networks Combined with SALS

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 757-761
Author(s):  
Guang Ming Xian ◽  
Jing Ping Qu ◽  
Bi Qing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Rbf Neural Networks ◽  
Maximum Light ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Angle Light Scattering ◽  
Slit Die

This work aims at developing an accurate measurement of characterization flow field of polymer melts by small-angle light scattering (SALS). In this article we propose a new method, based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for predicting the optimum vibration field parameters. A laser light passes through polymer melts in the visual slit die. The results reported in this study were obtained with polystyrene (PS) with rotation speed at 20 rpm. In order to capture the scattered light, a polarizer and an analyzer are placed before and after the polymer melts. RBFNN inputs consist of frequency and amplitude, which are used as input parameters to predict the maximum light intensity projection area. RBFNN predicts that the optimum value of frequency, amplitude are 15.86 Hz and 0.20mm, respectively. And the maximum light intensity projection area is predicted to be 9260 pixels.

Effects of solvent, film thickness, and hydrogen bonding on surface-relief gratings

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Hyuk Jung ◽  
Ki-Tae Lee ◽  
Dong-Han Lee ◽  
Sang-Cheol Han ◽  
Yang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Surface Relief Gratings

scholarly journals X‐ray monochromator system for use with synchrotron radiation sources

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Golovchenko ◽  
R. A. Levesque ◽  
P. L. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Sources
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