Lectures of the Air Corps Tactical School and American Strategic Bombing in World War II
In the 1930s the US Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) articulated the concept of high-altitude daylight precision bombing (HADPB), a coherent yet controversial theory for victory through the independent employment of air forces. The ACTS lectures present a uniquely American theory of strategic bombing later tested in World War II. These lectures, never before published, introduce Air Corps thinking on strategic bombing during the interwar period. Their originality is found in the causal logic for how HADPB operations would lead to victory by the direct attack of vital and vulnerable economic targets. The ACTS instructors and students would later be responsible for translating theory into practice. In so doing, the logic of HADPB was tested and in many ways found wanting. Though the US Army Air Force fell short of independently achieving decisive victory, the ACTS prewar rationale for the construction of heavy bombers offered the United States the offensive capability to conduct long-range air campaigns. HADPB proved to be a key component to the Allies gaining air superiority over western Europe. Finally, HADPB raids starved the German military of fuel such that it no longer had the means to maintain its desperate counteroffensive at the Battle of the Bulge. American air power did prove critical to the Allied victory, not in the independent and decisive way envisioned by ACTS but as a crucial component of a combined arms strategy.