Parents and childrens perception of the challenges of acquiring primary and post-primary education in rural communities of Rivers State

Aim: To determine the ophthalmic problems and their possible causes among adults in rural communities in Rivers State. Methods: A multistage population based random sampling study of adults in five clans of Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State. Medical history was taken and comprehensive ocular examination done on each subject. Ocular examination included visual acuity, visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Data taken were recorded and analysed using statistical software called Minitab 11. Ethical approval was obtained from relevant authorities. Results: Out of the 600 subjects seen in this study 276 (46.0%) were males and 324 (54.0%) females. They were all above 21 years old. Twenty six (2.4%) subjects had good vision while 8 (0.8%) were blind. The ophthalmic problems identified were Presbyopia 298 (28.0%), Refractive error 247 (23.2%), Cataract 126 (11.8%), Allergic conjunctivitis 106 (9.9%), Glaucoma 94 (8.8%), Pterygium 86 (8.1%), Bacterial conjunctivitis 35 (3.3%), Corneal opacity 32 (3.0%), Chalazion 4 (0.4%), Diabetic retinopathy 3 (0.3%) and Ptosis 1 (0.1%). Conclusion: The most common ophthalmic problems in this study which were dependent on gender and occupation include Presbyopia, Refractive Error, Cataract and Allergic Conjunctivitis. More females and farmers were seen in this study. The problems identified can be easily managed if well-equipped health facilities are provided by the government.

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ENSURING QUALITY EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL BANGLADESH: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.46291/cenraps.v1i1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 35-53

Author(s):

DR. GAZI IBRAHIM AL MAMUN ◽

SELINA AKHTER

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Primary Education ◽

Formal Education ◽

Quality Education ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Learning Method ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Primary Level ◽

Education School

Bangladesh is committed to ensuring quality education for all. In this purpose, there is categories study/education system at the primary level of education. One is formal primary education school run by the Bangladesh government and another is non-formal primary education school run by NGOs. Both types of primary education’s main objective are ensuring quality education at primary level. But there are many problems in these two categories of an education program. But quality education’s main characteristics enable all learners to develop the capabilities they require to become economically productive, develop sustainable livelihood, contribute to peaceful and democratic societies and enhance wellbeing. The learning outcomes that are required vary at the end of the basic educations cycle must include threshold levels of literacy and numeracy and life skills including awareness and prevention of disease. In this circumstance, the learning method will be flexible and the environment of the school will attractive for children. But the environment and learning method mean model of quality education is an absence in formal government primary school, although non-formal based NGOs school have practised low this model. In this perspective, the main focus of this present article is to comparative analysis between formal based government primary education and non-formal based NGOs primary education. To examine which is a better system for ensuring quality education at the primary level and an attempt is also made to suggest some alternative propose/proposal for ensuring quality education at the primary level of education. In the analysis of the results given in the study, it is seen that the non-formal education is more effective than formal education in primary education level to ensure the quality education of children in the rural communities of Bangladesh. Therefore, the results of this research will play an important role in improving the quality of non-formal and formal primary education.

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