Multiplication Football

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Marvin N. Tolman
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Mathematics Facts ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Substantial Bias

During nine years as a teacher in the elementary schools, the author acquired a rather substantial bias in favor of the practice of requiring students to memorize the basic mathematics facts. He found that students in his classroom who had not mastered the basic facts were handicapped, as indicated by the relative performance of the same students following mastery.

The Comparative Effectiveness of Microcomputers and Flash Cards in the Drill and Practice of Basic Mathematics Facts

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Karen C. Fuson ◽  
Kathleen T. Brinko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flash Cards ◽  
Mathematics Facts ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Drill And Practice

A flash card procedure was designed with some of the features of microcomputers for the drill and practice of basic facts. Second, third, and fourth graders followed the same daily routine for 6 weeks in either a flash card or a microcomputer condition, practicing basic facts in subtraction or division. Weekly tests revealed learning in the first 2 weeks, little or no learning in the third and fourth weeks, and some learning in the fifth week, when the groups changed practice conditions. The flash card and microcomputer conditions produced equivalent learning.

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