Background: Mandibular fracture is one of the most common fractures of the maxillofacial region. The pattern of mandibular fractures varies from country to country and these variations can be due to social, cultural, and environmental factors. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the etiology, incidence and pattern of mandibular fractures in western region of Nepal, reported at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital.Methodology: A prospective study of 130 patients with mandibular fractures was conducted in Department of Dentistry, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital from November 2013 to November 2014. These patients were examined both using clinical and radiographic parameters for mandibular fracture. Data concerning age, gender, causes of fracture and sites of fracture were analyzed.Result: Out of 130 patients, 104(80%) were male patients and 26(20%) were female patients. Most common age group was between 21-30 years. Most common cause of mandibular fracture was road traffic accidents accounting for 66(50.77%) cases followed by fall injury in 30(23.08%) cases. Most common site involved was parasymphysis 46(30.47%) followed by angle 27(17.89%). Road traffic accidents due to alcohol consumption 40(68.97%) was the leading cause followed by assault 10(17.24%) and fall 8(13.79%).Conclusion: Mandibular fractures are more frequent in male than female with higher frequency in 21-30 years age group. The most commonly fractured site was the parasymphysis. Road traffic accidents were the most common etiology and significantly associated with alcoholism. JNGMC Vol. 13 No. 2 December 2015