Role of Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): New Therapeutic Approaches and Recent Outcomes

CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a complex multifactorial chronic disease. Here, we present an overview of the current research with the controversial findings of CD8+ T cell subsets and discuss some possible perspectives on their therapeutic value in IBD. Studies on the role of CD8+ T cells in IBD have contradictory outcomes, which might be related to the heterogeneity of the cells. Recent data suggest that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (Tc1) and interleukin (IL) 17-producing CD8+ (Tc17) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Moreover, subsets of regulatory CD8+ T cells are abundant at sites of inflammation and can exhibit pro-inflammatory features. Some subsets of tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) might be immunosuppressant, whereas others might be pro-inflammatory. Lastly, exhausted T cells might indicate a positive outcome for patients. The function and plasticity of different subsets of CD8+ T cells in health and IBD remain to be further investigated in a challenging field due to the limited availability of mucosal samples and adequate controls.

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The corticotropin-releasing factor system in inflammatory bowel disease: Prospects for new therapeutic approaches

Drug Discovery Today ◽

10.1016/j.drudis.2009.04.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (13-14) ◽

pp. 713-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Konstantinos A. Paschos ◽

George Kolios ◽

Ekaterini Chatzaki

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Factor System

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: Current therapies and potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2020.5016 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dikhnah Alshehri ◽

Omar Saadah ◽

Mahmoud Mosli ◽

Sherif Edris ◽

Rashad Alhindi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

There is a growing body of evidence reinforcing the unique connections between the host microbiome, health and diseases. Due to the extreme importance of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the host, it is not surprising that any alteration in the gut microbiota would result in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic, relapsing-remitting condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, compromised quality of life and costly medical care. Dysbiosis is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. One of the currently used treatments for IBD are anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, representing a biologic therapy that is reported to have an impact on the gut microbiota composition. The efficacy of anti-TNF agents is hindered by the possibility of non-response, which occurs in 10-20% of treated patients, and secondary loss of response, which occurs in up to 30% of treated patients. This underscores the need for novel therapies and studies that evaluate the role of the gut microbiota in these conditions. The success of any therapeutic strategy for IBD depends on our understanding of the interactions that occur between the gut microbiota and the host. In this review, the health and disease IBD-associated microbiota patterns will be discussed, in addition to the effect of currently used therapies for IBD on the gut microbiota composition, as well as new therapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome the current treatment constraints.

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Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease using New 5-ASA Compounds: An Introduction

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/1989/434838 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 82-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ulrich Klotz

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Active Material ◽

Aminosalicylic Acid ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Standard Drug ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Sites Of Action ◽

Toxic Potential

Strong evidence has been accumulating that mesalazine (5- aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) represents the therapeutic moiety of the standard drug sulphasalazine. Since the active metabolite avoids the toxic potential of sulphapyridine, this perception has initiated new therapeutic approaches, for example, two 5-ASA molecules have been coupled to form another prodrug (olsalazine) which again depends on a proper cleavage of the azobond by bacteria in the colon A more direct way has been applied successfully by administering 5-ASA itself in special galenic formulation (suppositories, enemas, controlled release preparations) to provide enough active material at the proposed sites of action in the terminal ileum and/or colon. One major advantage of all 5-ASA compounds, compared to sulphasalazine, is their 10-fold lower potential (incidence) for inducing allergic reactions or causing intolerance. Aside from rare hypersensitivity reactions, 5-ASA can cause nausea. vomiting, headache and gastrointestinal disturbances in 1 to 5% of patients. However, the new azocompound olsalazine induced diarrhea or loose stool in at least 10 to 15% of the treated patients which might limit its use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In conclusion, the ‘old’ metabolite 5-ASA, in a ‘new’ design, offers an effective and very safe choice for the treatment of IBD.

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The role of osteopontin (OPN/SSP1) gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0029-1241334 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (09) ◽

Author(s):

J Glas ◽

J Seiderer ◽

HP Török ◽

B Göke ◽

T Ochsenkühn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2009.28599 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (18) ◽

pp. 839-845 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

János Banai

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Fast Food ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Aetiological Factor ◽

Artificial Nutrition ◽

Food Preservatives ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and probably multifactorial. Nutrition has been proposed to be an important aetiological factor for development of IBD. Several components of the diet (such as sugar, fat, fibre, fruit and vegetable, protein, fast food, preservatives etc.) were examined as possible causative agents for IBD. According to some researchers infant feeding (breast feeding) may also contribute to the development of IBD. Though the importance of environmental factors is evidenced by the increasing incidence in developed countries and in migrant population in recent decades, the aetiology of IBD remained unclear. There are many theories, but as yet no dietary approaches have been proved to reduce the risk of developing IBD. The role of nutrition in the management of IBD is better understood. The prevention and correction of malnutrition, the provision of macro- and micronutrients and vitamins and the promotion of optimal growth and development of children are key points of nutritional therapy. In active disease, the effective support of energy and nutrients is a very important part of the therapy. Natural and artificial nutrition or the combination of two can be choosen for supporting therapy of IBD. The author summarises the aetiological and therapeutic role of nutrition in IBD.

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