A Study on Energy Performance Index scoring items by Level of Detail and Level of Development for BIM

This study comprehensively considers any input and output that has a certain physical dimension, utilizes the super slacks-based measure directional distance function data envelopment analysis (DDF-DEA) model to measure global energy performance in the period 2010–2016, and compares regional differences in Americas, Europe and Asia. We employ contained directional, non-directional, and undesirable inputs and outputs, which include population number, fossil fuels energy consumption, gross capital formation, gross domestic product, renewable energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emission. From the full energy efficiency and ranking of the DDF-DEA approach herein, the empirical results show that Trinidad and Tobago exhibits the best efficiency (2.8194) and Uzbekistan has the worst efficiency (0.5734). The best regional energy performance is Americas, and the worst is Asia for 2010–2016, showing that regional energy policies have a significant impact. The Environmental Performance Index is an important sustainable environment index, and most Environmental Performance Index levels are quite consistent with the trend of energy efficiency and ranking with DDF-DEA in this study. The energy efficiencies of the higher Environmental Performance Index group and higher renewable energy consumption group are significantly larger than the lower Environmental Performance Index group and better than the lower renewable energy consumption group, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that all countries should adjust their future energy using a strategy based on annual Environmental Performance Index. Their goals can be to reduce fossil fuels energy consumption, increase renewable energy use, and reduce undesirable output of carbon dioxide. Doing so will help them to develop their economies while taking into account a sustainable environment, thus achieving sustainable economic development.

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HILS for the Design of Three-Wheeled Mobile Platform Motion Surveillance System with a Use of Energy Performance Index

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.90 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 198 ◽

pp. 90-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krzysztof J. Kaliński ◽

Cezary Buchholz

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Real Time ◽

Performance Index ◽

Surveillance System ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Mobile Platform ◽

Test Configuration ◽

Control Command

Current tendency in mechatronic design requires the use of comprehensive development of an environment, which gives the possibility to prototype, design, simulate and integrate with dedicated hardware. The paper discusses the Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulations (HILS) mechatronic technique [, used during the design of the surveillance system based on energy performance index [. The presented test configuration (physical controller emulated virtual research object) allows authors to verify responses (in the LabVIEW [) of the mobile platform model, to the optimal control commands (torques), generated by the Real Time controller. Defined energy performance index, supported by the correction velocities, controls the emulated platform while moving along three different trajectories. The demonstrated test results are compared with desired values obtained during numerical computation process of kinematic and dynamic equations of the presented model. The authors investigation of the HILS affected final optimisation of the motion surveillance system design. Real time requirements enforced authors to decrease sampling time of control command (signal generation frequency) and establish high performance execution strategy for on-line algorithm (algorithm execution performed both in Real Time processor and in the FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array) [. The performed simulations confirmed that the HILS is a powerful technique, which improves system design making that more efficient and low cost consuming.

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