A typology of independents

2017 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Liam Weeks
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Independent Families ◽  
Electoral Performance

This chapter has two main aims. The first is to disaggregate Independents from ‘others’ to provide a definitive dataset of their electoral performance. This is necessary because to date there is no overall record of independents’ electoral performance and presence, and to enable more reliable and valid analysis about this actor. The second, and primary, aim is to use this disaggregation to construct a typology of Independents. Using newspaper archives and historical literature, the background of every Independent candidate contesting a general election between 1922 and 2016 in Ireland is examined, from which they are grouped into a number of Independent families and sub-categories. A detailed profile is provided of each of these categories, describing their key characteristics and respective electoral performances. It is shown that independents form a residual heterogeneous category, about whom a better understanding can be achieved if their diversity is appreciated.

Scottish Labour as a case study in party failure: Evidence from the 2019 UK General Election in Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Henderson ◽  
Rob Johns ◽  
Jac Larner ◽  
Chris Carman
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Electoral Performance

For Scottish Labour to be reduced to a single MP in Scotland once might seem like misfortune: that in 2019 they suffered the same fate looks like carelessness. While much focus of the 2019 UK General Election in Scotland will be on the SNP, an equally interesting puzzle is the electoral performance of the once dominant party in Scotland. In this article we explore what helps to explain why formerly successful parties fail, identifying explanations that may account for the current electoral fortunes of Labour in Scotland. To this end we rely on data from the 2019 round of the Scottish Election Survey.

scholarly journals Eurobonds Past and Present: A Comparative Review on Debt Mutualization in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Pedro Esteves ◽  
Ali Coşkun Tunçer
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Debt Dilution

AbstractThis paper reviews the economic and historical literature on debt mutualization in Europe with reference to pre-1914 guaranteed bonds and the current Eurobonds debate. We argue that, notwithstanding the differences in scale and nature, debt mutualization solutions similar to Eurobonds were tried before, and the closest historical examples to the present debate are the pre-1914 guaranteed bonds. We highlight three key characteristics of debt mutualization, which are apparent both in the current debate and in history: moral hazard, debt dilution and conditionality. We show that the fears about short-run dilution and moral hazard were not unknown to pre-1914 market participants. These problems were partly addressed by mechanisms of conditionality such as international financial control. The historical evidence suggests that the dilution of outstanding obligations may be overplayed in the current debate. On the contrary, creditors’ moral hazard (ignored in current debt mutualization proposals) was as problematic as the usual debtor’s moral hazard –especially when the groups of countries guaranteeing the bonds and the creditor nations did not overlap entirely.

scholarly journals Le primaires citoyennes del Parti Socialiste (2011) e le primarie di Italia. Bene comune (2012): molte somiglianze, esiti diversi

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Giulia Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
Primary Elections ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Republic ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Electoral Performance

This article contributes to the debate concerning primary elections’ efficiency (namely their capacity to select candidates who can be competitive in the general election) by comparing two cases of primaries leading to opposite electoral outcomes. In May 2012, a few months after the success in the so-called primaires citoyennes promoted by the French Socialist Party and its allies, François Hollande attains the Presidency of the Republic calling a halt to seventeen years of centre-right domination in France. Just one year later the winner of the centre-left Italian primaries Pierluigi Bersani failed in obtaining an absolute majority of seats in the February 2013 elections. The aim of the article is to try to understand to what extent the different electoral performance of Hollande and Bersani in the presidential and parliamentary elections can be explained by the different characteristics of the primaries they faced. The two cases have been compared on the basis of four key variables: inclusiveness, divisiveness, electability of the winning candidate and party elite predilection for the candidates in the race. The results suggest a substantial overlap between the French and Italian primaries: both were really inclusive but not particularly divisive, while they did not favour the success of a candidate unwelcome by the party elite. Accordingly I come to the conclusion that the negative result of the Italian elections is to be sought in factors unrelated to the primaries. In fact Hollande and Bersani partially diverged in terms of electability, but we cannot conclude that the French and Italian selectorates adopted different voting criteria for their appointment, as in both cases pragmatism seems to have prevailed over ideological considerations.

Too Much Democracy? Primaries and Candidate Success in the 2006 Mexican National Elections

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
General Election ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Entry Requirements ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Electoral Performance

AbstractsDo primaries help political parties perform better in general elections, or do they undermine electoral performance by contributing to internal divisions and to the weakening of party organizations? This article examines the effect of holding a primary on the general election prospects of candidates, using cases from two of the three major parties in Mexico's 2006 national legislative elections. In both parties, primaries fail to systematically produce candidates with advantages in the general election, due largely to organizational deficits of the parties and low entry requirements for aspiring precandidates. Indeed, outside urban centers, where parties tend to be better organized, primaries actually seem to hurt party performance in subsequent general elections.

Explaining the Surges and Declines of the Japanese Communist Party

Asian Survey ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
General Election ◽  
New Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Electoral Performance ◽  
Electoral Data

The Japanese Communist Party’s tumultuous electoral performance, especially the sudden surge in the 2014 general election, is an intriguing phenomenon. Analysis of electoral data reveals that a large number of votes shifted back and forth between the Communists and a few new right-wing parties in the last three elections.

Learning Motivation of Adults Involved in AAC Intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Thiessen ◽  
Christy Horn ◽  
David Beukelman ◽  
Sarah E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Key Characteristics

Abstract The augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) personnel framework identifies the various types of people involved in successful AAC interventions. The purposes of this article are to summarize information in the AAC intervention literature that documents the role and impact of various AAC personnel, describe key characteristics of adult learners, and review research that focuses on learning motivations and preferences of adults within the AAC framework.

Mechanisms of Global Governance: Economic Analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 4-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev ◽  
A. Kurdin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Global Problems

The coordination of economic activity at the global level is carried out through different mechanisms, which regulate activities of companies, states, international organizations. In spite of wide diversity of entrenched mechanisms of governance in different areas, they can be classified on the basis of key characteristics, including distribution of property rights, mechanisms of governance (in the narrow sense according to O. Williamson), mechanisms of expansion. This approach can contribute not only to classifying existing institutions but also to designing new ones. The modern aggravation of global problems may require rethinking mechanisms of global governance. The authors offer the universal framework for considering this problem and its possible solutions.

Election 2017: The Promise of May

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-494
Author(s):  
Owen Dudley Edwards
Keyword(s):  
General Election

This essay dissects the 2017 UK General Election and its implications for relationships within and between its constituent territories.

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