The Past as an Exponent of the Present in Modern Tamil Literature: Story-(re)-Telling and Telling History in Selected Works of Indira Parthasarathy

Indira Parthasarathy is the author of many works that touch upon historical issues but are in fact reflections on contemporary India. Although the narrative of some of them takes place in the past, they cannot be called historical literature. While the author is not really interested in describing the past per se, as is also often the case with other contemporary Tamil writers, clear references to the past and history help him showcase contemporary issues, current problems, and life as it is here and now. The article briefly discusses two plays, whose protagonists are historical figures; a novel based on a contemporary event that has become an integral part of the history of Tamil Nadu; and two other works which came to be written on the basis of writer’s own life experience in Poland and are in a way related to the history of that country.

Why Write Stories about the Past?

The article focuses on three representative literary works for children between 9 and 12 by Christos Boulotis, a renowned contemporary Greek writer of children’s literature. His works which are exemplary of a broader tendency of contemporary Greek historical literature for children revolve around the concepts of the personal and public past and of personal and collective memory. We show that the specific works by Boulotis tend not only to make the concepts of the personal and public/historical past an issue but also to stress the importance of these concepts for the lives of contemporary people. At the same time, we show that because literature for children is inevitably ideological, the concepts of the personal and public historical past are used by Boulotis as a resource for the promotion of specific contemporary ideologies which are at the forefront of the public debate in contemporary Greek society, such as the universality of the experience of being a refugee, anti-racism, and pacifism.

ANALYSIS OF A WWII T2-TANKER USING A VIRTUAL 3D MODEL AND CONTEMPORARY CRITERIA

The S.S. Ohio that saved the Maltese from capitulation during WWII made it to Malta barely afloat on the 15th of August 1942. Historical literature provides three main hypotheses as to why the tanker did not sink under heavy attack, namely: the use of water pumps partially restored buoyancy, the cargo density and a strong fully welded hull. A stability, floodable length and residual strength analysis was conducted to confirm or disprove the hypotheses. The results indicated that the vessel was stable, the water pumps partially restored buoyancy and was sinking despite her welded structure and cargo on-board. A challenge was to draw a comparison between the results and applicable criteria. At the time, criteria only governed the ship’s scantlings and did not focus on stability, floodable length and residual strength. The research provided engineering evidence on how the S.S. Ohio survived, whilst contemporary criteria were identified to assess the tanker’s characteristics.

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMMERCIAL RELATIONS IN THE STATE OF AMIR TEMUR AND THE CHINESE (MIN) EMPIRE

This article discusses trade relations with China during the reign of Amir Temur, a blow to the northern trade route bypassing the people of the Chigatay ulus and the wider participation of southern cities in world trade and economic relations between the state of Amir Temur and the Chinese (Minsk) dynasty, relations were carried out in mainly through East Turkestan, the trade routes passing through this region and the characteristics of the roads were analyzed. Also, a comparative analysis of historical literature data highlights the main trade products related to the value of silk, tea, porcelain in the state of Amir Temur's horses in China

THE EMPLOYMENT OF EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE “FORMER PEOPLE” IN THE SOVIET INSTITUTIONSOF THE TASSR –UZBEK SSR

This article, based on the involvement of archival sources and historical literature, shedding the light on experience and knowledge of former imperial officials in Soviet institutions of the TASSR -Uzbek SSR. Despite the fact of the "imperial past", the Soviet government for the first time attracted actively a loyal part of the old society to work in Soviet institutions, because it had been in dire need of highly qualified personnel until the moment when a new generation of Soviet employees would not be "educated" and "trained".Index Terms: archival sources, soviet historiography, Soviet Turkestan and Uzbekistan, "former people", the Soviet government, the employment of experience and knowledge, «specialists»

Archaeology of Early Chinese Settlement in Southeast Asia

Little historical information is available about early Chinese settlement in Southeast Asia. By the 15th century several Chinese settlements of significant size had formed, but they vanished by the time the Portuguese reached the region. This article surveys the historical literature on these early overseas Chinese settlements, and summarizes the contributions which archaeology can make to clarifying the timing and nature of the process.

relevance of historical studies and achievements of archipelago civilization progress: a study of sociological perspectives of Indonesian

This historical study aims to see how history is relevant to the achievements of the progress of the civilization of the archipelago through the study of sociological science. For this reason, we have searched literature from several well-known journals. Next, we analyzed the literature to find data that could answer the questions of this study as much as possible. The data study starts with a coding system study and a specific evaluation to answer study questions with high validity elements. The journals we have visited include Google Books, Elsevier, Academic docs, and other publishers published ten years ago. Based on the discussion data, we can conclude that there is a very close relevance between the history of the Indonesian nation and the progress of civilization in the archipelago, which is now dominated by the influence of Islamic civilization and westernization. We hope this finding is helpful for future studies of Indonesian historical literature and civilization.

Second Tithe and Wine: A Historical and Theological Study of Deuteronomy 14:22-29

Tithing is God's holy, in recognition that God is the owner and man is the servant. But in Deuteronomy 14:22-29 the fact is found that God's holy tithing can be used to buy everything he wants including intoxicating drinks, and even God ordered that the Israelites eat them together with the priests before God. The purpose of the study was to examine the history of the second tithing and its use in Deuteronomy 14:22-29 to find out the true purpose of God's commandments about spending tithing for whatever is desired, spending tithing on intoxicating beverages, and whether this is the legitimacy of God so that His people can currently consume liquor. Research methods are documentary research methods. This is done by evaluating various historical literature in the discussion of tithing festivals and their use. This researcher will conclude research to answer these questions. First of all, in the Bible there are three types of tithing.

The emergence of Gandhara Civilization: A Politico-historical discourse

This paper aims at to investigate the ancient regional political history (600-180 BCE), which seems the foundation of Gandhara Civilization that emerged in the Northwest of the Indian subcontinent. The evolution of Gandhara Civilization and emergence of ancient regional political history deem consolidated. In this paper, it would be endeavoured to address the emergence of ancient regional political history that paved the way for a great civilization. The employed design to address the question is historical and qualitative. For the collection and analysis of the data, the qualitative historical approach is adopted. The edifice of present work is mainly erected on the archival sources, reputed journals, historical literature and version of prominent scholars associated to the field. Gandhara possessed a decent political exposition during its early phase. It remained an empire during Pakosati, a federating unit during Persian, independent kingdoms during the invasion of Alexander and remained central part of Mauryan Empire. The emergence of Gandhara is the exposition of politico-historical discourse of the region, which is the foundation of Gandhara Civilization.