Peer Review #2 of "Antimicrobial resistant gene prevalence in soils due to animal manure deposition and long-term pasture management (v0.3)"

The persistence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes in the soil-environment is a concern, yet practices that mitigate AMR are poorly understood, especially in grasslands. Animal manures are widely deposited on grasslands, which are the largest agricultural land-use in the United States. These nutrient-rich manures may contain AMR genes. The aim of this study was to enumerate AMR genes in grassland soils following 14-years of poultry litter and cattle manure deposition and evaluate if best management practices (rotationally grazed with a riparian (RBR) area and a fenced riparian buffer strip (RBS), which excluded cattle grazing and poultry litter applications) relative to standard pasture management (continuously grazed (CG) and hayed (H)) minimize the presence and amount of AMR genes. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was performed to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32) in soil, cattle manure, and poultry litter environments. Six soil samples were additionally subjected to metagenomic sequencing and resistance genes were identified from assembled sequences. Following 14-years of continuous management, ermB, sulI, and intlI genes in soil were greatest (P < 0.05) in samples collected under long-term continuous grazing (relative to conservation best management practices), under suggesting overgrazing and continuous cattle manure deposition may increase AMR gene presence. In general, AMR gene prevalence increased downslope, suggesting potential lateral movement and accumulation based on landscape position. Poultry litter had lower abundance of AMR genes (ermB, sulI, and intlI) relative to cattle manure. Long-term applications of poultry litter increased the abundance of sulI and intlI genes in soil (P < 0.05). Similarly, metagenomic shotgun sequencing revealed a greater total number of AMR genes under long-term CG, while fewer AMR genes were found in H (no cattle manure) and RBS (no animal manure or poultry litter). Results indicate long-term conservation pasture management practices (e.g., RBS and RBR) and select animal manure (poultry litter inputs) may minimize the presence and abundance of AMR genes in grassland soils.

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Online Publication of Monuments

The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Paleography ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190604653.013.24 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 355-369

Author(s):

Willeke Wendrich

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

3D Modeling ◽

Online Publication ◽

New Technologies ◽

3D Scanning ◽

Architectural Drawings ◽

3D Gis ◽

Unity 3D ◽

Long Term Preservation

This chapter outlines the advantages of digital epigraphy in the context of the original monuments. It analyzes the perception of epigraphic publication of monuments, taking into account new technologies. 3DVR models can be created using architectural drawings and measurements (CAD and 3D modeling), 3D scanning, and Structure for Motion (SfM). These systems present different advantages and challenges, which are discussed. Current options for publication include VSim, 3D GIS, and Unity 3D platforms. The issues of peer review of publications and long-term preservation of data are addressed. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the issue of potentially misleading impressions given by 3DVR representations.

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Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.38023.700775.ae ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 328 (7441) ◽

pp. 673 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Sara Schroter ◽

Nick Black ◽

Stephen Evans ◽

James Carpenter ◽

Fiona Godlee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Peer Review ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Score ◽

The Difference ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Quality Instrument

AbstractObjective To determine the effects of training on the quality of peer review.Design Single blind randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups receiving different types of training plus a control group.Setting and participants Reviewers at a general medical journal.Interventions Attendance at a training workshop or reception of a self taught training package focusing on what editors want from reviewers and how to critically appraise randomised controlled trials.Main outcome measures Quality of reviews of three manuscripts sent to reviewers at four to six monthly intervals, evaluated using the validated review quality instrument; number of deliberate major errors identified; time taken to review the manuscripts; proportion recommending rejection of the manuscripts.Results Reviewers in the self taught group scored higher in review quality after training than did the control group (score 2.85 v 2.56; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.44; P = 0.001), but the difference was not of editorial significance and was not maintained in the long term. Both intervention groups identified significantly more major errors after training than did the control group (3.14 and 2.96 v 2.13; P < 0.001), and this remained significant after the reviewers' performance at baseline assessment was taken into account. The evidence for benefit of training was no longer apparent on further testing six months after the interventions. Training had no impact on the time taken to review the papers but was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending rejection (92% and 84% v 76%; P = 0.002).Conclusions Short training packages have only a slight impact on the quality of peer review. The value of longer interventions needs to be assessed.

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