Modelling Building Shadows on Rooftop Generating 3D City Model

3D city models enable us to gain a better grasp of how various city components interact with one another. Advances in geosciences now allow for the automatic creation of high-quality, realistic 3D city models. It is not limited to visualization and navigation, however, also for shadow and solar potential analysis. Solar radiation is an example of a 3D GIS tool that is in high demand. The calculation of solar radiation that reaches 3D objects can be simple, but the shadow effect of nearby buildings is a considerably more challenging issue because some facades or roofs are only partially shadowed. The present study is analyzed into two approaches. The first approach is considered as Visualization (client-side) approach to visualize the 3D city models on the website using NodeJS and CesiumJS. The second approach is considered as Analyzation (Server-side) approach to analyze the solar potential using python for faster processing and deeming the future development aspects.

Multi-scaler 3D modelling to reconstruct an experimental landscape: An example from a worker’s cottage at Mount Dutton Bay, South Australia

New advances in 3D GIS provide the opportunity to create and interact with spatial datasets that are both empirical and experiential, thus bridging the historical divide between cartography and phenomenology. Survey and photogrammetry data from the colonial-era woolshed and port of Mount Dutton Bay in South Australia are used to create a visually realistic 3D landscape model. Viewshed analysis provided important information about the use of space and construction techniques for the shearers' cottage on this site. The results demonstrate that rigorous quantitative analysis is not incompatible with understanding the human experience of an archaeological site, and therefore open up exciting new avenues of archaeological enquiry.

3D Solar Photovoltaic Community Energy Modeling

<div>The aim of this research is to increase the assessment ability of solar energy utilization and planning support for clusters of different types of buildings in a mixed-use community. Particular focus will be placed on the analysis of community-based modeling, mapping and forecasting of solar potentials on the rooftops of buildings. New systems and methodologies with appropriate level of detail at a lower computational time are needed to accurately model, estimate and map solar energy potential at a high spatiotemporal resolution. To accomplish this goal and to develop an integrated solution, the assessment ability was investigated using two different types of studies: (1) 3D GIS modeling of a solar energy community, and (2) benchmarking of solar PV radiation software tools. A 3D GIS modeling and mapping approach was developed to assess community solar energy potential. A model was created in ESRI ArcGIS, to efficiently compute and iterate the hourly solar modeling and mapping process over a simulated year. The methodology was tested on a case study area located in southern Ontario, where two different 3D models of the site plan were analyzed. The accuracy of the work depended on the resolution and sky size of the input model. An assessment of solar simulation software tools was performed to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for performing analysis in the PV modeling process. The software tools assessed were HelioScope, PVsyst, PV*SOL,</div><div>Archelios, EnergyPlus, and System Advisor Model (SAM). The performance of the software tools were assessed based upon their accuracy in simulation performance against measured data, and the comparison of their physical functions and capabilities. A case study near London, Ontario with an 8.745kWp PV system installation was selected for analysis, and EnergyPlus was found to have predictions closest to measured data, ranging from -0.6% to 3.6% accuracy. Based upon the GIS study and the evaluation of the six solar software tools, recommendations for the development of a future application to couple GIS with the internal submodels of the software tools were made to create the ideal tool for 3D modeling and mapping of solar PV potential. </div>

3D Solar Photovoltaic Community Energy Modeling

<div>The aim of this research is to increase the assessment ability of solar energy utilization and planning support for clusters of different types of buildings in a mixed-use community. Particular focus will be placed on the analysis of community-based modeling, mapping and forecasting of solar potentials on the rooftops of buildings. New systems and methodologies with appropriate level of detail at a lower computational time are needed to accurately model, estimate and map solar energy potential at a high spatiotemporal resolution. To accomplish this goal and to develop an integrated solution, the assessment ability was investigated using two different types of studies: (1) 3D GIS modeling of a solar energy community, and (2) benchmarking of solar PV radiation software tools. A 3D GIS modeling and mapping approach was developed to assess community solar energy potential. A model was created in ESRI ArcGIS, to efficiently compute and iterate the hourly solar modeling and mapping process over a simulated year. The methodology was tested on a case study area located in southern Ontario, where two different 3D models of the site plan were analyzed. The accuracy of the work depended on the resolution and sky size of the input model. An assessment of solar simulation software tools was performed to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses for performing analysis in the PV modeling process. The software tools assessed were HelioScope, PVsyst, PV*SOL,</div><div>Archelios, EnergyPlus, and System Advisor Model (SAM). The performance of the software tools were assessed based upon their accuracy in simulation performance against measured data, and the comparison of their physical functions and capabilities. A case study near London, Ontario with an 8.745kWp PV system installation was selected for analysis, and EnergyPlus was found to have predictions closest to measured data, ranging from -0.6% to 3.6% accuracy. Based upon the GIS study and the evaluation of the six solar software tools, recommendations for the development of a future application to couple GIS with the internal submodels of the software tools were made to create the ideal tool for 3D modeling and mapping of solar PV potential. </div>

IFC AND CITYGML SEMANTIC TRANSFORMATION FOR 3D GIS

Building information modelling (BIM) and geographical information systems (GIS) domains immensely contribute to a digital representation of architectural and environmental bodies respectively. BIM is endorsed in order to enhance the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry process to save time, cost and speed up the project, and more so, to minimise the frequent requests of information by the stakeholders within the industry. On the other hand, the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been increasingly used to generate detailed 3D data, geolocation and spatial analysis. Both BIM and GIS provide 3D data for the development of 3D city models, digital twin, smart city, AEC etc. However, there are significant diverse between the two in terms of their characteristics, scope of interest and focus that makes it difficult to easily be achieved. The amalgamation of the two worlds provides a clear picture of a built environment based on data (geometry and semantics) integration, which reinforces the enhancement of the three-dimensional (3D) applications in general into the digital world. This paper presents a methodology that semantically integrates the two worlds through their standards that is the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) which is an open standard, selected because it is the typical free standard to exchange data in the BIM world and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) is the most leading 3D city model standard in 3D GIS. This is carried out by performing a semantic mapping between the two standards, converting the encoding that the two standards use from STEP in IFC(BIM) to XML in CityGML (3D GIS), by providing a basic implementation created using Python to combine the above tasks.

Designing Human-Centered 3D Gis Interface and Interaction Model to Support Agriculture Commodity Selection

The purpose of this study is to design an interface and an interaction model using user-centered Design approach. The model-built first aim is to assist the development process of a 3-dimensional geographic information system (3D GIS). The second aim is to ensure that the system that is built meets the needs of the user. GIS has been applied in various fields. In the agriculture field, GIS is often used to assist land evaluation and commodity selection. 3D GIS can provide map visualizations that are similar to actual earth topography. This advantage can minimize the user's cognitive load when using the map. Developing 3D GIS requires more complex components than 2D GIS. This study proposes an interface and interaction model for 3D GIS in scope of agricultural commodities selections. This study has five main stages. The first stage is software requirements Analisys. The second stage is data and content analysis. At this stage, data analysis is carried out to then build a data model to manage geocontent. The third stage is User Interface design. At this stage, an interface model is created as guidelines to arrange the 3D map layout. The fourth stage is the development of the interaction model to analysis of potential user actions and feedback of the system. The last stage is prototype development and evaluation. The prototype is evaluated by involving farmers to measure the adequacy of the data. A heuristic evaluation focused on eight statements was carried out. Based on the evaluation process, in general, most users agree with the statements made. It means that the model built meets the needs of the user. This model is expected to make it easier for software developers to build 3D GIS and ensure the farmer’s need in the sistems are meets. It’s hoped that combining visual elements and interaction can increase the usability level of 3D GIS.

Construction of 3D GIS based on VR and Edge Computing

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a subject that studies spatial information science and computer system for collecting, storing, retrieving, modeling, analyzing and representing geospatial data. GIS not only manages attribute information based on numbers and text, but also manages spatial information based on visual graphics and images. With the rapid development of computer technology, space technology and information technology, the expression form of map is gradually changing from two-dimensional to three-dimensional. 3D GIS can express 3D spatial information in detail and has powerful multi-dimensional spatial analysis function. However, 3D visualization technology can not be immersed in geographic information. The process of requesting information by each end user is energy intensive. If big data processing is adopted, it will greatly increase the computing pressure of big data center. The paper presents a 3D GIS construction method based on Virtual Reality (VR) and edge computing (gis-ve). Specifically, firstly, virtual reality equipment is deployed at the user terminal to realize the organic integration of real scene and virtual object in three-dimensional space, and build a real and perfect three-dimensional real world space. Secondly, under the edge computing architecture, virtual reality applications are deployed on edge computing nodes to reduce the number of device hops transmitted between virtual reality application data and end users, reduce network processing delay and reduce the computing pressure of big data processing center. Then, the deployment problem of GIS is transformed into a performance optimization problem, and the delay and cost are used as evaluation indexes. Finally, an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal GIS construction scheme. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, the paper compares this method with two other advanced 3D-GIS construction methods, and experiments show that this method performs well in terms of delay and cost.

Transmission line inspection data visualization system based on 3D GIS

In order to meet the needs of safe and efficient patrol operation and maintenance of modern smart grid, aiming at the poor quality of current transmission line patrol inspection, a design method of transmission line patrol data visualization system based on 3D GIS is proposed. By optimizing the system hardware structure configuration combined with 3D GIS technology, the function and structure of transmission line visual management system are introduced. The accurate collection and processing of transmission line inspection data and the display of inspection route are realized by using three-dimensional GIS technology. Finally, the experiment shows that the transmission line inspection data visualization system based on Three-dimensional GIS has higher practicability and accuracy in the process of practical application, and fully meets the research requirements.

Three-Dimensional Geographic Information System Assisted Intelligent Review of Power Grid Design

In order to strengthen the management of the three-dimensional design review of power transmission and transformation projects, the Ministry of Infrastructure of the State Grid has successively issued the “Notice of Guiding Opinions on the Management of Preliminary Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Design of Transmission and Transformation Projects” and the “Preliminary Review Outline of Three-dimensional Design of Transmission and Transformation Projects (for Trial Implementation) )announcement of”. At present, most of the existing engineering design review systems are two-dimensional systems, which cannot visually display design results. In order to better display the results of three-dimensional design and improve review efficiency, it is necessary to apply GIS technology to the three-dimensional design of power transmission and transformation projects, and it is very necessary to develop a set of 3D GIS power transmission and transformation engineering design review system. In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method based on 3D GIS power transmission and transformation engineering design review, using 3D visualization technology to combine GIS with power transmission and transformation engineering design results to achieve visual browsing and query of 3D design models, and 3D design Achievement display,3D design results review and scoring,3D design model collision relationship calculation and other intelligent management applications.