Peer Review #1 of "Thermal treatment and leaching of biochar alleviates plant growth inhibition from mobile organic compounds (v0.2)"

The first total synthesis of phyllostictine A is reported and evidence presented that the heterocyclic subunit is the key to the μM herbicidal activity.

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Soil phenolics and plant growth inhibition

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf00014797 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 303-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. Chandramohan ◽

D. Purushothaman ◽

R. Kothandaraman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Soil Phenolics ◽

Plant Growth Inhibition

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Thermal treatment and leaching biochar alleviates plant growth inhibition from mobile organic compounds

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2123 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Nigel V Gale ◽

Tara E Sackett ◽

Sean C Thomas

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Water Leaching ◽

Glasshouse Experiment

Recent meta-analyses of plant responses to biochar boast positive average effects of between 10 and 40 %. Plant responses, however, vary greatly across systems, and null or negative biochar effects are increasingly reported. The mechanisms responsible for such responses remain unclear. In a glasshouse experiment we tested the effects of three forestry residue wood biochars, applied at five dosages (0, 5, 10, 20, 50 t/ha) to a temperate forest drystic cambisol as direct surface applications and as complete soil mixes on the herbaceous pioneers Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium repens. Null and negative effects of biochar on growth were found in most cases. One potential cause for null and negative plant responses to biochar is plant exposure to mobile compounds produced during pyrolysis that leach or evolve following additions of biochars to soil. In a second glasshouse experiment we examined the effects of simple leaching and heating techniques to ameliorate potentially phytotoxic effects of volatile and leachable compounds released from biochar. We used Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) – gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to qualitatively describe organic compounds in both biochar (through headspace extraction), and in the water leachates (through direct injection). Convection heating and water leaching of biochar prior to application alleviated growth inhibition. Additionally, growth was inhibited when filtrate from water-leached biochar was applied following germination. SPME-GC-MS detected primarily short-chained carboxylic acids and phenolics in both the leachates and solid chars, with relatively high concentrations of several known phytotoxic compounds including acetic acid, butyric acid, bisphenol and benzonoic acid. We speculate that variable plant responses to phytotoxic organic compounds leached from biochars may largely explain negative plant growth responses and also account for strongly species-specific patterns plant responses to biochar amendments in short-term experiments.

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Nematodes associated with plant growth inhibition in the Wielkopolska region

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-012-0071-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 440-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Grażyna Winiszewska ◽

Ewa Dmowska ◽

Aneta Chałańska ◽

Renata Dobosz ◽

Franciszek Kornobis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

First Time ◽

Plant Parasitic ◽

Plant Growth Inhibition

Abstract The list of species of the plant parasitic nematodes presented in this paper (133 species belonging to 14 families) is based on the results of faunistic research conducted in the Wielkopolska region by Polish nematologists up until the year 2010, and the results obtained from the project “Elaboration of Innovative Methods for Rapid Identification of Nematodes Causing Damage to the Economy” managed by the Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. During the two years of the project (2010-2011) we found 21 species of nematodes which had not yet been reported in the list of species from the Wielkopolska region. Two of them were reported for the first time in Poland.

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