Design Clinic: The Early Formation of a Social Designer

Chapter 4 investigates the foundation and early development of the Congregation of the Mission, a congregation of secular missionaries dedicated to evangelizing the rural poor (their mission) through the completion of formal missions in their parishes. Soon to be known as the Lazarists, the Congregation was endowed by patrons Philippe-Emmanuel and Marguerite de Gondi in 1625. The chapter explains how, in charting its course thereafter, de Paul was forced to confront pressing questions about the character, functioning, and durability of his new mission institute. It analyses his answers to these through a composite investigation of the three milestones of the Congregation’s early formation process: its initial foundation in 1625, the issuance of papal approval in 1633, and the controversial acquisition of the priory of Saint-Lazare in Paris in 1632.

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Physical and microbiological aspects of the soil seed bed in the early formation of the barley root system (Hordeum vulgare L.): tomographic studies

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/941/1/012032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

A V Suzdaleva ◽

E V Shein ◽

N V Verkhovtseva ◽

K N Abrosimov

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Root System ◽

Barley Root ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Early Formation ◽

Microbiological Aspects

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Variations of indicative dates of ice regime on Lake Onego based on ground air temperature

Advances in Oceanography and Limnology ◽

10.4081/aiol.2019.8198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vyacheslav N. Baklagin

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Early Formation ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Ice Regime ◽

Break Up ◽

Ice Period ◽

Ice Phenomena

The paper shows the changes in the dates (complete freeze-up, ±5 days/°C and complete ice clearance, ±3 days/°C) of the ice regime in Lake Onego depending on changes in average air temperature within the preceding two-month periods (autumn and spring). The regression equations for their calculation based on previous three- and four-month periods according to the 2000-2018 data are also provided. Indicative dates of ice regime based on accumulated air temperatures within the ice period of Lake Onego were also established (early formation of ice phenomena, complete freeze-up phase, beginning of the break-up phase and complete ice clearance). Together with the data on expected air temperature above the lake’s surface, these dependencies enable us to predict the indicative dates of the ice regime.

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