Effects of closing and reopening live poultry markets on the epidemic of human infection with avian influenza A virus

Abstract Background: The emergence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Wenshan City, southwestern China in 2017. The study describes the epidemiological and virological features of the outbreak and discusses the origin of the infection. Methods: Poultry exposure and timelines of key events for each patient were collected. Samples derived from the patients, their close contacts, and environments were tested for influenza A(H7N9) virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also conducted. Results: Five patients were reported in the outbreak. An epidemiological investigation showed that all patients had been exposed at live poultry markets. Virus isolates from these patients had low pathogenicity in avian species. Both epidemiological investigations of chicken sources and phylogenetic analysis of viral gene sequences indicated that the source of infection was from Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The transmission route spanned a long geographical region, with virus spreading from east to west. Chickens were an important carrier in the H7N9 virus spreading from Guangxi to Wenshan. Hygienic management of live poultry markets and virological screening of chickens transported across regions should be reinforced to limit the spread of H7N9 virus.

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Correction to: Human infection with Avian Influenza A virus in Nepal: requisite for timely management and preparedness

VirusDisease ◽

10.1007/s13337-020-00600-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 395-395

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Acharya ◽

Narayan Acharya ◽

Sarita Phuyal ◽

Supram Hosuru Subramanya

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Avian Influenza A Virus

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Emergence of human avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in Wenshan City in Southwest China, 2017

10.21203/rs.2.18482/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Jiang ◽

Xiaonan Zhao ◽

Wen Xu ◽

Xuehua Zhou ◽

Chunrui Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Gene ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Genetic Sequencing ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

Abstract Background: The emergence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Wenshan City, southwestern China in 2017. The study describes the epidemiological and virological features of the outbreak and discusses the origin of the infection. Methods: Poultry exposure and timelines of key events for each patient were collected. Samples derived from the patients, their close contacts, and environments were tested for influenza A(H7N9) virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also conducted. Results: Five patients were reported in the outbreak. An epidemiological investigation showed that all patients had been exposed at live poultry markets. The A(H7N9) isolates from these patients had low pathogenicity in avian species. Both epidemiological investigations of chicken sources and phylogenetic analysis of viral gene sequences indicated that the source of infection was from Guangxi Province, which lies 100 km to the east of Wenshan City. Conclusions: In the study, a sudden emergence of human cases of H7N9 was documented in urban area of Wenshan City. Chickens were an important carrier in the H7N9 virus spreading from Guangxi to Wenshan. Hygienic management of live poultry markets and virological screening of chickens transported across regions should be reinforced to limit the spread of H7N9 virus.

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Full-length genome analysis of an avian influenza A virus (H9N2) from a human infection in Changsha City

Future Virology ◽

10.2217/fvl-2017-0151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuan Jie ◽

Huang Zheng ◽

Liu Xiaolei ◽

Ou Xinhua ◽

Yao Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Full Length ◽

Avian Influenza A Virus ◽

Changsha City ◽

Full Length Genome

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Correction to: Effect of closure of live poultry markets in China on prevention and control of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza: a case study of four cities in Jiangsu Province

Journal of Public Health Policy ◽

10.1057/s41271-019-00208-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 107-108

Author(s):

Junru Ma ◽

Nichao Yang ◽

Hai Gu ◽

Lan Bai ◽

Jun Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Live Poultry ◽

And Control ◽

Live Poultry Markets

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Emergence of human avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in Wenshan City in Southwest China, 2017

10.21203/rs.2.18482/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Li Jiang ◽

Xiaonan Zhao ◽

Wen Xu ◽

Xuehua Zhou ◽

Chunrui Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Gene ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Genetic Sequencing ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

Abstract Background: The emergence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Wenshan City, southwestern China in 2017. The study describes the epidemiological and virological features of the outbreak and discusses the origin of the infection. Methods: Poultry exposure and timelines of key events for each patient were collected. Samples derived from the patients, their close contacts, and environments were tested for influenza A(H7N9) virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were also conducted. Results: Five patients were reported in the outbreak. An epidemiological investigation showed that all patients had been exposed at live poultry markets. The A(H7N9) isolates from these patients had low pathogenicity in avian species. Both epidemiological investigations of chicken sources and phylogenetic analysis of viral gene sequences indicated that the source of infection was from Guangxi Province, which lies 100 km to the east of Wenshan City. Conclusions: In the study, a sudden emergence of human cases of H7N9 was documented in urban area of Wenshan City. Chickens were an important carrier in the H7N9 virus spreading from Guangxi to Wenshan. Hygienic management of live poultry markets and virological screening of chickens transported across regions should be reinforced to limit the spread of H7N9 virus.

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Human infection with Avian influenza A virus in Nepal: requisite for timely management and preparedness

VirusDisease ◽

10.1007/s13337-020-00593-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 244-248

Author(s):

Krishna Prasad Acharya ◽

Narayan Acharya ◽

Sarita Phuyal ◽

Supram Hosuru Subramanya

Keyword(s):

Avian Influenza ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

Avian Influenza A Virus

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Will China’s H7N9 Control Strategy Continue to Be Effective?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz258 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guo-Lin Wang ◽

Gregory C Gray ◽

Ji-Ming Chen ◽

Mai-Juan Ma

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Influenza A ◽

Human Infection ◽

H7n9 Virus ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Live Poultry ◽

Live Poultry Markets

Abstract Since the first outbreak of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China in early 2013, several interventions to control the transmission of H7N9 virus from poultry to humans have been implemented. Temporarily closing live poultry markets reduced the risk of human infection to an extent, but it did not prevent the spread of the H7N9 virus among poultry, and this spread eventually led to more human cases. Nevertheless, the mass vaccination of poultry after September 2017 has been highly effective in preventing the H7N9 virus infection in both poultry and humans. In light of the emergence of highly pathogenic H7N9 and H7N2 viruses in unimmunized ducks, vaccination among poultry, especially for ducks, should be accompanied with continued surveillance of H7N9 variants and other avian influenza A viruses that could signal a heightened pandemic risk.

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