scholarly journals Using Alternative Silvicultural Systems to Integrate Mountain Caribou and Timber Management in British Columbia

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Armleder ◽  
Susan K. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Alternative Silvicultural Systems ◽  
Silvicultural System ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
Forest Managers

Even-aged forest management using the clearcutting silvicultural system as it is currently applied threatens mountain caribou habitat in British Columbia. Since neither complete preservation nor maximum development of timber resources are socially acceptable alternatives, forest managers are anxious to find integrated management options. We describe alternative silvicultural systems currently being tested, including single-tree and group selection. All the treatments have the goal of periodically extracting viable timber volumes while perpetually retaining stand characteristics necessary for caribou. The effects of these logging prescriptions on lichen biomass and growth rates are being tested. Alternative silvicultural systems may become part of a larger strategy to maintain caribou habitat in managed forests.

scholarly journals Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reiff ◽  
Sebastian Kolb ◽  
Martin H. Entling ◽  
Thomas Herndl ◽  
Stefan Möth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.

WALLROTHIELLA ARCEUTHOBII, A PARASITE OF THE JACK-PINE MISTLETOE

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Silver Dowding
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
Lower Compartment

Arceuthobium, the host of Wallrothiella Arceuthobii, has been found in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario and Wallrothiella Arceuthobii has been found in Manitoba and Alberta.Arceuthobium fruits become infected in Canada in the spring, about a week after fertilization. The fungus and the infected fruits then increase in size, and they attain their maximum development by the summer of the following year.The ascospores are not violently discharged into the air. The spores ooze out into water when the perithecia are wet.The mature perithecium is made up of two compartments, the lower compartment containing the asci, and the upper compartment into which the ascospores are discharged and where they collect.It is suggested that insects are agents which disperse the ascospores.Ascospores sown in Arceuthobium decoction commence to germinate, but growth ceases after the germ tube has reached the length of about one millimetre.Attempts to inoculate the stigmas of healthy Arceuthobium with "sprout-mycelium" have so far been unsuccessful.

scholarly journals Managing Woodland Caribou in West-Central British Columbia

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah B. Cichowski
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Winter Range

Initial long term planning for logging on the Tweedsmuir-Entiako caribou winter range began in the early 1980s. Because little information was available on which to base winter range management, the British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch began studies on radio-collared caribou in 1983, and an intensive study on caribou winter habitat requirements was conducted from 1985 to 1988. Terrestrial lichens were identified as the primary winter food source for the caribou, and in 1987, caribou winter range ecosystem maps, which emphasized abundance of terrestrial lichens, were produced. The ecosystem maps and information from the caribou study, including potential direct and indirect effects of timber harvesting on the caribou population, were used to develop a management strategy for the winter range. The management strategy comprised two levels of management: a landscape level (Caribou Management Zones); and a site-specific level (caribou habitat/timber values). Timber information associated with BC Ministry of Forests forest cover maps was integrated using a Geographic Information System. Six winter range management options were proposed ranging from harvesting low value caribou habitats only throughout the winter range to total protection of the entire winter range. Impacts of those options on both the caribou population and on the timber supply were evaluated. The options were reviewed through a public planning process, the Entiako Local Resource Use Plan, and recommendations from that process were forwarded to the British Columbia Protected Areas Strategy.

Forest fragmentation and forest management: A plea for empirical data

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G G. D'Eon
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Habitat Loss And Fragmentation ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Forest Managers

Forest fragmentation is one of the most important conservation issues of recent times. Most of what we know about forest fragmentation is based on speculation and untested theory due to a paucity of empirical data. The lack of empirical data can be attributed to (1) the extreme difficulty in conducting good fragmentation studies, and (2) confusion between habitat loss and fragmentation effects. Empirical data from well-designed fragmentation studies is direly needed to validate theoretical predictions stemming from the fragmentation paradigm. Since the best data will come from landscape-scale experiments in managed forests, partnerships and support from researchers and forest managers is critical in this pursuit. Key words: empirical data, forest fragmentation, landscape spatial patterns

Simulations of the influence of clear-cutting on the risk of wind damage on a regional scale over a 20-year period

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2247-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongcheng Zeng ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Ari Talkkari ◽  
Harri Strandman ◽  
Ari Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Risk Of Wind Damage ◽  
Forest Managers

The aim of this study was to integrate component models for tree growth, wind damage, and airflow to assess the consequences of alternative forest-management options on the long-term risk of wind damage on a regional scale. This work could help forest managers to identify possible vulnerable edges and determine the probability of risk for alternative management plans. This new, integrated system was applied to assessing the risk of wind damage over a 20-year period on three alternative management choices. The risk was compared for the current forest edges without creating new edges (case study I) and situations where new edges were created through different clear-cut options (case studies II and III). Case study II represented more intensive cuttings compared with case study III (over four times more timber was cut). It was found that despite intensive cuttings in case study II, only 15% and 7% fewer vulnerable edges were found on average (risk probability class ≥0.1%) in case studies I and III, respectively. Therefore, forest managers must consider the possible risk of wind damage when harvesting timber.

Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A.

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Duvall ◽  
David F Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Young Forests

Coarse woody debris (CWD) chronosequences were developed for managed and unmanaged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands across the Great Lakes states. Throughout stand development, there is less CWD in managed than in unmanaged forests, and effects of management are strongest in young forests (0-30 years old). At stand initiation, CWD is 80% lower in managed than unmanaged forests, 20 200 versus 113 200 kg·ha-1, while at 90 years, CWD is 35% lower, 6600 versus 10 400 kg·ha-1. Timber management especially affects snags. In young managed forests, snag biomass is less than 1% of that in unmanaged forests, 150 versus 58 200 kg·ha-1, while log biomass is 80% lower, 5000 versus 22 800 kg·ha-1. This trend continues in mature forests (91-150 years old), where snag biomass is 75% lower in managed than in unmanaged forests, 1700 versus 6400 kg·ha-1. Management has relatively little impact on total log biomass of mature forests but increases the biomass of fresh logs nearly 10-fold, to 1400 versus 150 kg·ha-1. CWD in managed forests is highly variable, primarily related to thinning schedules in individual stands.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Intensity of Barley Diseases in South Tigray, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Teklay A. Teferi ◽  
Muruts L. Wubshet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Leaf Scald ◽  
The Mean ◽  
All Diseases

Barley is attacked by many diseases and hence, the study was conducted to quantify and profile barley affecting diseases for management options. The survey was based on the assessment of barley fields at 5 km interval. Results indicated that powdery mildew, leaf rust, stem rust, leaf scald, and smuts were among the important diseases in south Tigray. The prevalence of the former diseases was 60, 60, 40, 47.8, and 40%, respectively. The incidence of powdery mildew, scaled, leaf rust and stem rust was 100% in considerable fields and cultivars. The incidence of smuts was ranged from 5% to 30%. Similarly, the mean severities of powdery mildew, leaf rust, stem rust and leaf scald were 43.4, 54.5, 45 and 20%, respectively, while, smuts caused complete spike losses.  Therefore, investigating of the pathogens variability especially for rusts, powdery mildew and scald as well as developing integrated management options for all diseases is of concern.

scholarly journals Wildlife in Managed Forests — A Matter of Commitment

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Ward Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
Forest Managers

Providing for wildlife habitat in managed requires commitment of forest managers and land owners. There will be costs associated with maintenance of wildlife habitats. Who bears those costs is a matter to be settled. The maintenance of wildlife in the managed forest is apt to be a litmus test for acceptable attention to environmental concerns by forest managers.

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