scholarly journals A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin

PeerJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dalby ◽  
Munir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin

scholarly journals A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 Influenza Hemagglutinin

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R Dalby ◽  
Munir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Neutral Drift ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽  
Hemagglutinin Protein ◽  
Sampling Problems

A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data the sequences were divided into subsets based upon location and host species. The phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin reveals that the protein has distinct lineages between China and the Middle East, and that wild birds in both regions retain a distinct form of the H9 molecule, from the same lineage as the ancestral hemagglutinin. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that the current predominant H9N2 hemagglutinin lineage might have originated in Southern China. The study also shows that there are sampling problems that affect the reliability of this and any similar analysis. This raises questions about the surveillance of H9N2 and the need for wider sampling of the virus in the environment. The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution.

scholarly journals A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 Influenza Hemagglutinin

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R Dalby ◽  
Munir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Current Pattern ◽  
Neutral Drift ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽  
Hemagglutinin Protein ◽  
Sampling Problems

A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data the sequences were divided into subsets based upon location and host species. The phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin reveals that the protein has distinct lineages between China and the Middle East, and that wild birds in both regions retain a distinct form of the H9 molecule, from the same lineage as the ancestral hemagglutinin. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that the current predominant H9N2 hemagglutinin lineage might have originated in Southern China. The study also shows that there are sampling problems that affect the reliability of this and any similar analysis. This raises questions about the surveillance of H9N2 and the need for wider sampling of the virus in the environment. The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution.

scholarly journals New Intranuclear Symbiotic Bacteria from Macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum—“Candidatus Gortzia Yakutica”

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Beliavskaia ◽  
Alexander V. Predeus ◽  
Sofya K. Garushyants ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva ◽  
Jun Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Obligate Intracellular

Holospora-like bacteria (HLB) are obligate intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, inhabiting nuclei of Paramecium and other ciliates such as “Candidatus Hafkinia” is in Frontonia. The HLB clade is comprised of four genera, Holospora, Preeria, “Candidatus Gortzia”, and “Candidatus Hafkinia”. These bacteria have a peculiar life cycle with two morphological forms and some degree of specificity to the host species and the type of nucleus they inhabit. Here we describe a novel species of HLB—“Candidatus Gortzia yakutica” sp. nov.—a symbiont from the macronucleus of Paramecium putrinum, the first described HLB for this Paramecium species. The new endosymbiont shows morphological similarities with other HLB. The phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene places it into the “Candidatus Gortzia” clade.

Trichonympha burlesquei n. sp. from Reticulitermes virginicus and evidence against a cosmopolitan distribution of Trichonympha agilis in many termite hosts

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 3873-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick R. James ◽  
Vera Tai ◽  
Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽  
Patrick J. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽  
Type Host ◽  
Reticulitermes Virginicus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Historically, symbiotic protists in termite hindguts have been considered to be the same species if they are morphologically similar, even if they are found in different host species. For example, the first-described hindgut and hypermastigote parabasalian, Trichonympha agilis (Leidy, 1877) has since been documented in six species of Reticulitermes, in addition to the original discovery in Reticulitermes flavipes. Here we revisit one of these, Reticulitermes virginicus, using molecular phylogenetic analysis from single-cell isolates and show that the Trichonympha in R. virginicus is distinct from isolates in the type host and describe this novel species as Trichonympha burlesque i n. sp. We also show the molecular diversity of Trichonympha from the type host R. flavipes is greater than supposed, itself probably representing more than one species. All of this is consistent with recent data suggesting a major underestimate of termite symbiont diversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document