Primer registro de Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) en Senna multiglandulosa (Fabaceae) de la región andina central del Perú

Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) es unescarabajo de distribución cosmopolita que ocasiona graves daños a diversas especies de la familia Fabaceae. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de su infestación en arbustos de Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, 1982 (Fabaceae) en la zona andina central del Perú. Se describe la morfología de los estados biológicos de A. obtectus y las perforaciones que realizaron en legumbres infestadas colectadas en tres lugares del Valle del Mantaro de enero a diciembre 2018. Se midió la longitud total (L) y ancho (A) de los huevos, larvas, pupas y adultos de A. obtectus, así como el diámetro (D) de las perforaciones en vainas y semilla de S. multiglandulosa. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los tamaños de cada uno de los estadios (p < 0,001) y sus perforaciones en las legumbres (p < 0,001), afectan especialmente las semillas de S. multiglandulosa, por lo cual se constituye en un problema sanitario muy severo en la planta estudiada. Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a beetle with a cosmopolitan distribution that causes severe damages to diverse species of the Fabaceae family. This is the first report of its infestation on Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, 1982 (Fabaceae) bushes in the central Andean region of Peru. The morphology of the biological stages of A. obtectus and the perforations they made on infested legumes collected in three sites of Mantaro Valley from January to December 2018 are described. The total length (L) and width (W) of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of A. obtectus and the diameter (D) of the perforations on the pods and seeds of S. multiglandulosa were measured. The results showed significant differences in the size of each stage (p < 0.001) and their perforations on legumes (p < 0.001), affecting mainly the seeds of S. multiglandulosa, constituting a severe health problem for the studied plant.

Synopsis of the order Juncales (Liliopsida) in Ukraine

Juncales is an order of vascular plants with cosmopolitan distribution. Two families of Juncales are present in flora of Ukraine: Juncaceae and Cyperaceae. Through 1985–2021, we conducted comprehensive revision of Juncales in Ukraine. The aim of this research was to compile a checklist of Juncales species in the flora of Ukraine. Our research is based on herbarium materials, literature data and field trips. We collected data in many herbariums of Ukraine and other countries. Our understanding of the taxa was further supplemented by field observations in mountainous (Carpathians and Crimea) and plain territories of Ukraine. Also, we collected information about Juncales species from numerous literature sources. For each taxon, we provided nomenclatural citation and basic synonyms. According to our data, the order Juncales in the flora of Ukraine contains 188 species, belonging to 19 genera. Lists of Juncales species can be found in many thorough publications. For a long time, Checklist of Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk (1999) was the main list in the nomenclature of vascular plants in Ukraine. To date, many nomenclature and taxonomic changes have been accumulated. For example, we accept genera Schoenoplectiella and Oreojuncus here. Researchers have found many new species for the territory of Ukraine. This information can be found in numerous publications, but is fragmented. Therefore, we have compiled an updated summary of the Juncales species. In Ukrainian territory, Juncales species are considered both widespread and rare. We refer to the rarest species Carex alba, C. bicolor, C. bohemica, C. brunnescens, C. buxbaumii, C. depauperata, C. fuliginosa, C. globularis, C. heleonastes, C. lachenalii, C. loliacea, C. obtusata, C. pediformis, C. rupestris, C. strigosa, Cyperus longus, Eleocharis multicaulis, E. oxylepis, Fimbristylis bisumbellata, Juncus acutiflorus, J. soranthus, J. subnodulosus, Isolepis setacea, Luzula spicata, Schoenoplectus pungens, Trichophorum alpinum, T. cespitosum. Also, the following species are rare: Bolboschoenus yagara, Carex chordorrhiza, C. davalliana, C. dioica, C. hostiana, C. pauciflora, C. secalina, C. vaginata, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis carniolica, Juncus capitatus, J. castaneus, J. littoralis, J. sphaerocarpus, J. thomasii, J. triglumis, Luzula alpinopilosa, L. sudetica, Schoenoplectiella mucronata, Schoenus ferrugineus.

Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species

Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 has a cosmopolitan distribution and is a genus well studied in general in the Neotropical Region. However, in Colombia only three species were recorded. Two new species of Tomosvaryella are described from protected areas and from conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely: Tomosvaryella macarenensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Serrania Macarena, Meta) and T. martae sp. nov. (type-locality: San Vicente del Caguan, Caquetá). The female of T. tuberculata Hardy, 1948 is described. Tomosvaryella similis (Hough, 1899) is new to South America (Colombia) and T. galapagensis (Curran, 1934), T. lynchi (Shannon, 1927), T. mexicanensis Ale-Rocha & Rafael, 1995, T. similis, T. tuberculata and T. venezuelana Ale-Rocha, 1993 are reported for the first time in Colombia. Illustrations and a dichotomic key to Colombian species of Tomosvaryella are presented. Furthermore, the diagnosis of all species recorded in Colombia are amended. The Tomosvaryella fauna is increased from three to 11 species in Colombia.

Taxonomic review of the subfamily Lohmannellinae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Halacaridae) with morphological comparisons among genera

Taxonomic review of the halacarid subfamily Lohmannellinae is carried out with regard to morphology, biology, habitat, geographical distribution, and bibliography. The subfamily is one of 16 subfamilies in the family Halacaridae and consists of five genera, Lohmannella, Porolohmannella, Scaptognathides, Scaptognathus, and Xenohalacarus, which include 38, 1, 11, 31, and 1 known species, respectively. The genera Scaptognathides, Scaptognathus, and Xenohalacarus are marine, Porolohmannella is a freshwater inhabitant, and Lohmannella lives in marine and freshwater. The species in this subfamily are mostly arenicolous and probably carnivorous or omnivorous in feeding habits. As for the geographic distribution, Lohmannella shows almost cosmopolitan distribution; Scaptognathus is also widely distributed except for polar regions. The genus Scaptognathides is distributed more in southern oceans than in the northern circle, and Xenohalacarus is restricted to the Coral Sea. The freshwater genus Porolohmannella has wide inland distribution except for the African, South American, Australian, and Antarctic continents. Based on morphological comparisons among five genera, Scaptognathus is regarded as the most unique taxon and Lohmannella and Porolohmannella as rather conservative taxa in the subfamily.

Behavioural and oceanographic isolation of an island-based jellyfish (Copula sivickisi, Class Cubozoa) population

Cubozoan jellyfish are classified as plankton despite the strong swimming and orientation abilities of cubomedusae. How these capabilities could affect cubozoan population structures is poorly understood. Medusae of the cubozoan Copula sivickisi can uniquely attach to surfaces with the sticky pads on their bells. Biophysical modelling was used to investigate the spatial scales of connectivity in a C. sivickisi population. When the medusae were active at night they could maintain their observed distribution on fringing reef if they attached to the reef when the current speed exceeded a moderate threshold. This behaviour facilitated the isolation of a C. sivickisi population on reefs fringing Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia. Within this distribution, there was considerable within bay retention and medusae rarely travelled > 3 km. The few (< 0.1%) medusae lost from the island habitat were largely advected into open water and away from the mainland coast which lies 8 km from the island. Given that successful emigration is unlikely, the island population probably represents a stock that is ecologically distinct from any mainland populations. The cosmopolitan distribution of C. sivickisi could contain incipient or cryptic species given the small scales of connectivity demonstrated here.

Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)

This study documents a comprehensive taxonomic treatment of the New World Ummidia species. At the onset of this work the genus comprised 27 species and one subspecies with a cosmopolitan distribution that includes North America, South America, Asia, northern Africa, and Europe; of these species the majority of the nominal diversity can be attributed to the New World where 20 species have been previously described. Ummidia oaxacana (Chamberlin, 1925) is considered a nomen dubium; U. tuobita (Chamberlin, 1917) and U. absoluta (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of U. audouini (Lucas, 1835); the subspecies U. carabivora emarginata (Atkinson, 1886) is considered a junior synonym of U. carabivora (Atkinson, 1886); U. pygmaea (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1945) is considered a junior synonym of U. beatula (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940); U. celsa (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) is considered a junior synonym of U. funerea (Gertsch, 1936); Hebestatis lanthanus (Valerio, 1987) is considered a junior synonym of U. rugosa (Karsch, 1880). Thirty-three new species are described: U. neilgaimani, U. gingoteague, U. rongodwini, U. okefenokee, U. richmond, U. macarthuri, U. colemanae, U. rosillos, U. mercedesburnsae, U. paulacushingae, U. waunekaae, U. gertschi, U. timcotai, U. gabrieli, U. pesiou, U. rodeo, U. huascazaloya, U. anaya, U. cuicatec, U. brandicarlileae, U. riverai, U. frankellerae, U. hondurena, U. yojoa, U. matagalpa, U. carlosviquezi, U. varablanca, U. quepoa, U. cerrohoya, U. quijichacaca, U. tibacuy, U. neblina, U. tunapuna.

Complete Genome Sequences of Chesapeake Bay Synechococcus Strains CBW1002 and CBW1006 Isolated in Winter

Synechococcus are picocyanobacteria with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are capable of surviving in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Synechococcus have been isolated from the Chesapeake Bay during winter months, and they show an impressive tolerance to cold temperatures. Cold-adapted Synechococcus are unique and diverse, as they have complex phylogenetic lineages closely related to subalpine cluster II, Bornholm Sea cluster, CB7 cluster, and some novel lineages which are independent from summer estuarine strains in subcluster 5.2. CBW1002 and CBW1006 are the first complete genomes to represent Bornholm Sea cluster Synechococcus strains. They have some of the largest genomes among the Synechococcus (3.8 Mb) and share many unique and cryptic homologs which could give insight into their ability to tolerate such cold and dynamic conditions in the Chesapeake Bay estuary.

Further Records of Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Oman

The Carabidae family has a cosmopolitan distribution and form one of the most diverse and abundant group of insects. These beetles play an important role in ecosystems as bioindicators in habitat management, landscape ecology, conservation, pollution, climatic changes and soil characteristics. The knowledge of Carabidae from Oman is still not well studied. Only 44 species of Carabidae are reported from Oman so far and this indicates the large blank in our knowledge in this family when compared to recorded species from other neighboring countries in the Arabian Peninsula. A total of 37 specimens were collected, and 10 species from 10 genera and 4 subfamilies are being new records for Oman. The sampling was conducted by light traps and by hand. All reported species were collected from northern Oman (Wadi Alkoudh- Oman botanical garden-, Samad Ashan and Wadi beni Khalid). The vegetation was rich with the Leguminosae, Asteraceae and Poaceae. Most species were collected during autumn from wadi habitat. The carabid fauna was dominated by the Lebiinae and Harpalinae with 8 species. The species belong to Lebiinae are four species (Tetragonoderus arcuatus Dejean, 1829, Microlestes discoidalis (Fairmaire, 1892), Metadromius ephippiatus (Fairmaire, 1884) , Singilis persicus (Jedlička, 1961)), four from Harpalinae (Crasodactylus punctatus Guérin-Ménéville, 1847, Amara maindroni Bedel, 1907, Amblystomus orpheus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1853, Zuphium olens P. Rossi), one species from Trechinae (Elaphropus babaulti (Andrewes, 1924)) and one from Scaritinae (Dyschirius schaumi (Putzeys,1866)).

A new species of Chimarra Stephens 1829 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) and new caddisfly records from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil

Trichoptera is the largest order of exclusively aquatic insects, comprising more than 16,000 described species with cosmopolitan distribution. There are about 800 species recorded from Brazil so far, mostly from the North, Southeast, and South regions. In Northeastern Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte has only one Trichoptera species recorded so far (Oecetis excisa). Here, Chimarra (Chimarra) potiguar n. sp. is described and illustrated. The new species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the following features: Segment X has its mesal lobe elongate, sub-rectangular; lateral lobes long and rounded apically, dorsal margin with subapical invagination; the apex of each inferior appendage has a pronounced apicodorsal acute projection, and the phallotremal sclerite complex is curved, with small spines dorsally. Chimarra (C.) potiguar is morphologically similar to Chimarra (Chimarra) bidens, but the new species differs from it by the length and shape of the mesal lobe and lateral lobes of segment X, and by general shape of the basal regions of inferior appendages. Five additional caddisfly species are recorded for the first time from Rio Grande do Norte state: three in Hydropsychidae (Leptonema sparsum, Macrostemum hyalinum, and Smicridea (Smicridea) palifera) and two in Polycentropodidae (Cyrnellus fraternus and Cernotina bibrachiata).

Comparative genomics of Exiguobacterium reveals what makes a cosmopolitan bacterium

ABSTRACTAlthough the adaptation strategies of bacteria to specific environmental conditions are widely reported, fewer studies have addressed how microbe with cosmopolitan distribution adapted to diverse habitats. Exiguobacterium is a versatile genus whose members have been commonly found in great variety of habitats. To understand the mechanism behind the universally of Exiguobacterium, we isolated 103 strains from diverse environments, and performed large-scale metabolic and adaptive ability tests. We found that the capacities of survival in a wide range of temperature, salinity and pH are common for most Exiguobacterium members. According to the core genome based phylogeny and ANI analysis, 26 putative species including 13 putative new ones were identified and two genetic groups were classified as Group I and II. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that Exiguobacterium members can not only utilize a variety of complex polysaccharides and proteins that are ubiquitous in both terrestrial and marine environments, but also have a number of chaperonins and transporters which could support them to survive in different extreme environments. In addition, we found that the species from Group I can be found in more diverse environments with larger genome size compared to those of Group II. Twenty-five transporter families involved in transport of organic or inorganic substrates and environments stresses resistance were predicted to be enriched in Group I strains. This study provided the comprehensive insight into general genetic basis of the cosmopolitan distribution of a bacteria genus and deciphered putative determinants behind the ecological difference of different groups belonging to the same genus.IMPORTANCEThe wide distribution characteristics make Exiguobacterium a valuable model for studying adaptive strategy of bacteria adapted to multiple habitats. In this study, we found that comprehensive capacity of diverse polysaccharides utilization and environmental stress resistance is the important basis for survival, and selective expansion of transporters is an evolution and adaptation strategy for extensive distribution. Our findings are significant for understanding the adaptation and evolution mechanisms of cosmopolitan bacteria and explaining the vital genomic traits that facilitate niches adaptation.