Conservation and Sustainability of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Ecological Valuation ◽  
Dynamic Conservation ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The paper emphasized the establishment of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) and its purpose of dynamic conservation of biodiversity and culture in socioecological productionlandscapes and seascapes (SEPLS), particularly in satoyama landscapes in the Philippines, in Asia and theworld. Then, it outlines the next steps to be taken in order to attain sustainability and resiliency, namely;1) expansion of GIAHS sites and network through exploring Nationally Important Agricultural HeritageSystems (NIAHS) and Locally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (LIAHS), 2) using internationalapproach and frameworks with customization as necessary even in working at the national and locallevels, 3) tapping leading universities to serve as focal points especially in the area of sustainability andresiliency research, economic and ecological valuation studies of ecosystem services, and 4) treatingGIAHS landscapes as a community and NOT as a commodity.Keywords: Ecology, human-nature interaction, Satoyama, socioecological production landscapes, resiliency,descriptive design, Philippines

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services – Examples of Their Valuation Methods in Czech Republic and Slovakia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Sarvašová ◽  
Miroslav Kovalčík ◽  
Zuzana Dobšinská ◽  
Jaroslav Šálka ◽  
Vilém Jarský
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Ecological Valuation ◽  
Production Approach

AbstractThis literature review deals with the understanding of ecosystem services related to the question of their applicability and appropriate methods for their valuation. We distinguish between ecological valuation methods that aim to assess the significance of landscape characteristics, conventional economic, i.e. monetary valuation and non-monetizing valuation or assessment. Ecological evaluation methods derive values by following a cost of production approach which neglects consumer preferences. Economic valuation methods focus on the exchange value of ecosystem services, i.e. they are based on consumer preferences, but do not adequately take into account the complex internal structure of ecosystems. We conclude that – from the view of implementation of ecosystem services for policy support and consulting – successful valuation approaches should particularly consider the relationships between economic, ecological and social aspects of ecosystem services’ provision.

scholarly journals New Scales to Guide the Assessment of Hard Coral Cover and Diversity in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Assessment Scales

Coral reefs supply vital ecosystem services to the Philippines. Safeguarding these services requires the rapid identification of reefs that provide most services, and identification is best made by measuring hard coral cover and diversity and using updated and locally relevant assessment scales on these measurements. The use of these assessment scales has advantages and is recommended to update and improve Philippine laws.

scholarly journals Scientific and local ecological knowledge, shaping perceptions towards protected areas and related ecosystem services

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cebrián-Piqueras ◽  
A. Filyushkina ◽  
D. N. Johnson ◽  
V. B. Lo ◽  
M. D. López-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Local Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Nature Protection

Abstract Context Most protected areas are managed based on objectives related to scientific ecological knowledge of species and ecosystems. However, a core principle of sustainability science is that understanding and including local ecological knowledge, perceptions of ecosystem service provision and landscape vulnerability will improve sustainability and resilience of social-ecological systems. Here, we take up these assumptions in the context of protected areas to provide insight on the effectiveness of nature protection goals, particularly in highly human-influenced landscapes. Objectives We examined how residents’ ecological knowledge systems, comprised of both local and scientific, mediated the relationship between their characteristics and a set of variables that represented perceptions of ecosystem services, landscape change, human-nature relationships, and impacts. Methods We administered a face-to-face survey to local residents in the Sierra de Guadarrama protected areas, Spain. We used bi- and multi-variate analysis, including partial least squares path modeling to test our hypotheses. Results Ecological knowledge systems were highly correlated and were instrumental in predicting perceptions of water-related ecosystem services, landscape change, increasing outdoors activities, and human-nature relationships. Engagement with nature, socio-demographics, trip characteristics, and a rural–urban gradient explained a high degree of variation in ecological knowledge. Bundles of perceived ecosystem services and impacts, in relation to ecological knowledge, emerged as social representation on how residents relate to, understand, and perceive landscapes. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into the interactions between ecological knowledge systems and their role in shaping perceptions of local communities about protected areas. These results are expected to inform protected area management and landscape sustainability.

scholarly journals Between Priceless and Worthless: Challenges in Using Market Mechanisms for Conserving Biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Market Approach ◽  
Commodification Of Nature ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

AbstractThere is growing interest in the use of market mechanisms, such as offsetting and payments for ecosystem services, to further the conservation of biodiversity. The specific needs of biodiversity mean that this approach faces significant challenges in terms of defining the units that can be the subject of the economic or market devices, of ensuring that such mechanisms do deliver conservation gains and of establishing appropriate governance arrangements. There are also ethical concerns that a market approach entails a commodification of nature which sacrifices some of the very elements which make nature valuable to us. The market-based schemes currently being operated and devised should be studied carefully to see how successfully these challenges can be met.

scholarly journals Morphodynamic and Climatic Control on Sandy Beaches: Challenges of Geoenvironmental Studies for the Conservation of Biodiversity and the Maintenance of Ecosystem Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Abbehusen Freire de Carvalho ◽  
Iracema Reimão Silva
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Climatic Control ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

As praias arenosas podem ser divididas em dois ecossistemas praiais: os autossustentáveis e os de interface, que respondem de forma diferente ao controle mofordinâmico e climático sobre a biodiversidade. Os principais fatores que atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas são a energia das ondas e a ação dos ventos, que são responsáveis pela movimentação do sedimento e a determinação do relevo da praia. As variações climáticas, a exemplo das tempestades, também influenciam de forma significativa a dinâmica dos ecossistemas praiais. Mesmo possuindo um equilíbrio ecológico delicado, as praias arenosas não têm sido reconhecidas como áreas  prioritárias para conservação, talvez pela ausência de uma cobertura vegetal exuberante ou pela pouca percepção da sua biodiversidade. Para boa parte da população que frequenta as zonas costeiras, as praias arenosas aparentam ser um sistema biologicamente pobre e valorizado apenas pelos aspectos paisagísticos e de recreação. O uso recreativo intenso e a ocupação desordenada do pós-praia aumentam os impactos sobre esses ambientes, alterando a deposição de sedimentos, dificultando o deslocamento da biota e aumentando os processos erosivos, comprometendo a funcionalidade ecossistêmica. Diante deste contexto, se faz necessário realizar estudosde indicadores que possam fomentar estratégias adequadas para a gestão costeira, preservando o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas e a manutenção dos seus serviços, inclusive os considerados essenciais para a espécie humana. A presente revisão tem como objetivo principal discutir como os processos geoambientais, a exemplo dos morfodinâmicos e climáticos, atuam sobre a biodiversidade das praias arenosas e como estes fenômenos podem influenciar o equilíbrio ecossistêmico e a oferta dos seus serviços. Dentro desse cenário também foi discutido as possíveis interferências das alterações climáticas, a ocupação desordenada dos ambientes costeiros e suas implicações para conservação das praias arenosas.

scholarly journals Improving predictions of the effects of extreme events, land use, and climate change on the hydrology of watersheds in the Philippines

2016 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubianca Benavidez ◽  
Bethanna Jackson ◽  
Deborah Maxwell ◽  
Enrico Paringit
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Structural Measures

Abstract. Due to its location within the typhoon belt, the Philippines is vulnerable to tropical cyclones that can cause destructive floods. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these risks through increases in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. To protect populations and infrastructure, disaster risk management in the Philippines focuses on real-time flood forecasting and structural measures such as dikes and retaining walls. Real-time flood forecasting in the Philippines mostly utilises two models from the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC): the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) for watershed modelling, and the River Analysis System (RAS) for inundation modelling. This research focuses on using non-structural measures for flood mitigation, such as changing land use management or watershed rehabilitation. This is being done by parameterising and applying the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) model to the Cagayan de Oro watershed (1400 km2) in southern Philippines. The LUCI model is capable of identifying areas providing ecosystem services such as flood mitigation and agricultural productivity, and analysing trade-offs between services. It can also assess whether management interventions could enhance or degrade ecosystem services at fine spatial scales. The LUCI model was used to identify areas within the watershed that are providing flood mitigating services and areas that would benefit from management interventions. For the preliminary comparison, LUCI and HEC-HMS were run under the same scenario: baseline land use and the extreme rainfall event of Typhoon Bopha. The hydrographs from both models were then input to HEC-RAS to produce inundation maps. The novelty of this research is two-fold: (1) this type of ecosystem service modelling has not been carried out in the Cagayan de Oro watershed; and (2) this is the first application of the LUCI model in the Philippines. Since this research is still ongoing, the results presented in this paper are preliminary. As the land use and soil parameterisation for this watershed are refined and more scenarios are run through the model, more robust comparisons can be made between the hydrographs produced by LUCI and HEC-HMS and how those differences affect the inundation map produced by HEC-RAS.

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