The Relationship between Trypsin/Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Serum and Acute Pancreatitis (AP)

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the olfactory system and emotional processing is an area of growing interest in schizophrenia research. Both the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in the processing of olfactory information, and olfactory deficits may be also influenced by endogenous opioids and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is probably involved in dopaminergic transmission. However, the relationship between endorphins and dopaminergic transmission has not been fully explored.MethodsOdor identification performance and valence interaction was evaluated among 50 schizophrenic patients and 50 controls. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). All study participants were subjected to the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), blood β-endorphin (BE) and CGRP measurement.ResultsInsignificantly higher BE concentrations were observed in the patient group, while significantly higher UPSIT scores were seen in controls (mean UPSIT 32.48 vs 26.82). The patients demonstrated significantly more identification errors for pleasant (P = 0.000) and neutral (P = 0.055) odors than for unpleasant odors. Patients with higher BE concentrations made more identification errors concerning pleasant (Rs = −0.292; P = 0.04) and neutral odors (Rs = −0.331; P = 0.019). Although the concentration of CGRP was significantly higher in the patient sample (P < 0.001), no relationship was observed between concentration and UPSIT performance. A strong negative correlation was observed between PANSS N score and UPSIT total score (Rs = −0.646; P = 0.000), between PANSS N score and identification by valence for pleasant and neutral odors (UPSIT n/16: Rs = −0.450, P = 0.001; UPSIT n/15: Rs = −0.586, P = 0.000), and a weak negative correlation between PANSS N score and identification of unpleasant odors (UPSIT n/9: Rs = −0.325, P = 0.021).ConclusionsSchizophrenic patients present a unique pattern of smell identification characterized by aberrant hedonic ratings for pleasant odors but not unpleasant ones. Individuals with predominant negative symptoms and higher BE concentrations are most able to identify negative odors.

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The Influence of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Nonmigraine Subjects with Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Induced Headaches

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5540254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Matija Zupan ◽

Marjan Zaletel ◽

Darja Visočnik ◽

Bojana Žvan

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽

Hemodynamic Changes ◽

Time Points ◽

Related Peptide ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

End Tidal ◽

Single Response ◽

The Relationship

Background. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is regarded as an important molecule in trigeminovascular sensitization (TVS). CGRP-induced headaches (CGRP-IH) are evoked by intravascular administration of CGRP in nonmigraine and migraine subjects. CGRP might be associated with vasodilatation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It is unclear whether CGRP-induced hemodynamic changes relate to CGRP-IH in nonmigraine subjects. Methods. Twenty healthy subjects participated in our study. Polymodal recording of mean arterial velocity in MCA (vm MCA), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Et-CO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) was employed using transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography. During the experiment, we administered intravenous infusion of CGRP at a rate of 1.5 mcg/min. The vm MCA, Et-CO2, HR, and MAP were determined at time points T 0 , T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 . We calculated the responses at different time points and combined them into a single response vm MCAtot, Et-CO2tot, HRtot, and MAPtot. Results. We found significant differences along the time points in vm MCA ( p = < 0.001 ), Et-CO2 ( p = 0.003 ), MAP ( p < 0.001 ), and HR ( p < 0.001 ). The relationship between vm MCAtot and Et-CO2tot was significant and positive ( p = 0.005 ). The t -test showed significant differences between CGRP-IH and non-CGRP-IH subjects in vm MCAtot ( p = 0.021 ) but not in Et-CO2tot ( p = 0.838 ), MAPtot ( p = 0.839 ), and HRtot ( p = 0.198 ). Only vm MCAtot showed a significant relationship with CGRP-IH ( p = 0.028 ). Conclusions. Our study provides evidence for vasodilatation of MCA in relation to CGRP-IH due to intravascular CGRP detected by multimodal TCD. In the context of TVS induced by CGRP, MCA vasodilatation seems to represent an epiphenomenon of the underlying TVS.

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Influence of calcitonin gene-related peptide on model mice with acute pancreatitis

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2020-0086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jianxiong Hu ◽

Yanya Lin ◽

Shijun Chen ◽

Yangfang Cai ◽

Zhiwei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Blood Flow ◽

B Lymphocytes ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽

Pancreatic Tissue ◽

Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽

Inflammatory Infiltration ◽

Related Peptide ◽

Calcitonin Gene

Abstract Objectives To establish model mice with acute pancreatitis (AP) and study influence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on AP. Methods The model mice with AP were firstly established by intraperitoneal injection of successive six doses of caerulein (100 μg/kg) and one dose of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg). The intraperitoneal injection of CGRP (100 μg/kg) was performed to investigate influence of CGRP on AP, mainly involving the determination of amylase activity and the expression of CGRP and CD20+ B lymphocytes. Results CGRP on mice with AP could significantly reduce the severity of pancreatic pathological injury, the activity of amylase and the expression of CD20+ B lymphocytes. CGRP was significantly expressed in pancreatic tissue with AP, but CGRP receptor antagonist down-regulated the expression of CGRP and increased the number of CD20+ B lymphocytes, confirming the protective effect of CGRP on pancreatic tissue. Conclusions We preliminarily conclude that CGRP could significantly improve the pancreatic lesions and inflammatory infiltration of pancreas in mice with AP, and reduce the damage of pancreatic acinar cells, by mainly increasing blood flow and blood flow velocity of pancreas to improve the pancreatic microcirculation and effectively reducing the permeability of the microvessels to decrease the pathological damage degree of AP.

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