scholarly journals Non-conventional Ultra-High Dose Rate (FLASH) Microbeam Radiotherapy Provides Superior Normal Tissue Sparing in Rat Lung Compared to Non-conventional Ultra-High Dose Rate (FLASH) Radiotherapy

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Wright ◽  
Pantaleo Romanelli ◽  
Alberto Bravin ◽  
Geraldine Le Duc ◽  
Elke Brauer-Krisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Normal Tissue Sparing ◽  
Tissue Sparing

scholarly journals Dosimetric Coverage of the Prostate, Normal Tissue Sparing, and Acute Toxicity with High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Large Prostate Volumes

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Yang ◽  
Tobin J. Strom ◽  
Richard B. Wilder ◽  
Kushagra Shrinath ◽  
Eric A. Mellon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Rate Brachytherapy ◽  
Normal Tissue Sparing ◽  
Tissue Sparing ◽  
Large Prostate

scholarly journals Translational Research in FLASH Radiotherapy—From Radiobiological Mechanisms to In Vivo Results

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Loredana G. Marcu ◽  
Eva Bezak ◽  
Dylan D. Peukert ◽  
Puthenparampil Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
Tissue Sparing

FLASH radiotherapy, or the administration of ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy, is a new radiation delivery method that aims to widen the therapeutic window in radiotherapy. Thus far, most in vitro and in vivo results show a real potential of FLASH to offer superior normal tissue sparing compared to conventionally delivered radiation. While there are several postulations behind the differential behaviour among normal and cancer cells under FLASH, the full spectra of radiobiological mechanisms are yet to be clarified. Currently the number of devices delivering FLASH dose rate is few and is mainly limited to experimental and modified linear accelerators. Nevertheless, FLASH research is increasing with new developments in all the main areas: radiobiology, technology and clinical research. This paper presents the current status of FLASH radiotherapy with the aforementioned aspects in mind, but also to highlight the existing challenges and future prospects to overcome them.

scholarly journals Radiobiology Experiments With Ultra-high Dose Rate Laser-Driven Protons: Methodology and State-of-the-Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Chaudhary ◽  
Giuliana Milluzzo ◽  
Hamad Ahmed ◽  
Boris Odlozilik ◽  
Aaron McMurray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Multiple Pulses ◽  
Tissue Sparing

The use of particle accelerators in radiotherapy has significantly changed the therapeutic outcomes for many types of solid tumours. In particular, protons are well known for sparing normal tissues and increasing the overall therapeutic index. Recent studies show that normal tissue sparing can be further enhanced through proton delivery at 100 Gy/s and above, in the so-called FLASH regime. This has generated very significant interest in assessing the biological effects of proton pulses delivered at very high dose rates. Laser-accelerated proton beams have unique temporal emission properties, which can be exploited to deliver Gy level doses in single or multiple pulses at dose rates exceeding by many orders of magnitude those currently used in FLASH approaches. An extensive investigation of the radiobiology of laser-driven protons is therefore not only necessary for future clinical application, but also offers the opportunity of accessing yet untested regimes of radiobiology. This paper provides an updated review of the recent progress achieved in ultra-high dose rate radiobiology experiments employing laser-driven protons, including a brief discussion of the relevant methodology and dosimetry approaches.

High Dose Rate Radiation does not Protect Normal Tissue in Mice Cardiac and Splenic Models of Lymphopenia and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. E24
Author(s):  
Yufei Liu ◽  
Bhanu Prasad Venkatesulu ◽  
Amrish Sharma ◽  
Julianne M. Pollard-Larkin ◽  
Ramaswamy Sadagopan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Megavolt Bremsstrahlung Measurements from Linear Induction Accelerators Demonstrate Possible Use as a FLASH Radiotherapy Source to Reduce Acute Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Sampayan ◽  
Kristin Sampayan ◽  
George Caporaso ◽  
Yu-Jiuan Chen ◽  
Steve Falabella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Repetition Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Linear Induction ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Tissue Sparing ◽  
Induction Accelerator

Abstract Recent studies indicate better efficacy and healthy tissue sparing with high dose-rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) cancer treatment. This technique delivers a prompt high radiation dose rather than fractional doses over a longer period of time. The threshold is >40 Gy-s-1 with a maximal effect at >100 Gy-s-1 that must be maintained in the treatment volume. Mechanisms are still widely debated, but toxicity is minimized while inducing apoptosis in malignant tissue. Delivery technologies to date show that a capability gap exists with clinic scale, broad area, deep penetrating, high dose rate capability. Based on present trends, if FLASH-RT is adopted, it may become a dominant approach except in the least technologically advanced countries. The linear induction accelerator (LIA) developed for high current, high repetition rate, species independent charged particle acceleration, has yet to be considered for this application. We briefly review the status of LIA technology, explore the physics of bremsstrahlung-converter-target interactions and our work on stabilizing the electron beam. While the gradient of the LIA is low, we present our preliminary work to improve the gradient by an order of magnitude, presenting a point design for a multibeam FLASH-RT system using a single accelerator for application to conformal FLASH-RT.

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