Choroidal Thickness in Thyroid Eye Disease: Comparison With Controls and Application in Diagnosing Non-Inflammatory Active Disease

Objective: To examine the clinical differences in manifestation, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid-eye-disease (TED) between men and women. Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study. Men and women, who diagnosed with TED and treated at a multidisciplinary TED clinic, were compared regarding differences in demographics, eye examination, disease activity, and quality of life evaluation. Results: TED was diagnosed in 132 patients during the study period, and they included 38 men (28.78%) and 94 women (71.21%). There were six men and 20 women with active disease (Clinical-Activity-Score (CAS) ⩾ 3) during the entire follow-up period ( p < 0.01). The mean time from TED diagnosis to CAS ⩾ 3 was 4.50 years for men and 2.35 years for women ( p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean total Graves’ Orbitopathy-Quality-of-Life questionnaire (GO-QOL) score. However, mean GO-QOL subtotal score of external appearance of women was significantly lower compare to men in the first and last visit ( p = 0.04, 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Active disease was more common in women and the time-from-diagnosis of TED to CAS ⩾ 3 was shorter among women. Moreover, the appearance QOL score of women was poorer. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning the timing of treatment and when choosing the best treatment for TED patients.

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Proportion and Clinical Profile of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy in Patients with Graves’ Disease Presenting at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (32) ◽

pp. 3028-3033

Author(s):

Liya K.Y ◽

Naina Jabeen Hyder ◽

Neeta Sidhan ◽

Shaji Ankan

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Thyroid Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Clinical Activity ◽

P Value ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Clinical Activity Score ◽

Active Disease

BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease is a relatively rare condition, with an incidence of 2.9 to 16.0 cases per 100 000 population per year. Approximately 50 % of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) develop clinically apparent thyroid eye disease. It may cause severe damage to vision and orbital architecture. It is the most frequent cause of unilateral or bilateral proptosis in adults. METHODS A cross sectional study of 80 patients with GD was carried out in association with thyroid clinic of Government Medical college Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 1 year from April 2017 to March 2018. Subjects who have a prior diagnosis of Graves’ disease including those who are on antithyroid drugs were included in the study. Patients who are sick due to other systemic diseases like cardiac failure and end stage renal disease were excluded. RESULTS Eighty patients with mean age of 45.31 years were studied. Out of them, 66% were females and 34% were males. Ophthalmopathy was present in 38.8%.Majority had mild and bilateral disease (61.2 %). Only a small percentage had sight threatening disease (6.4 %).The mean age of patients with ophthalmopathy was 47.93. Major population with ophthalmopathy was females. Majority of patients with ophthalmopathy (64.5 %) retained a good visual acuity better than 6 / 9. Lid retraction was the most common manifestation among patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy that is 74.2% followed by exophthalmos (64.5 %) and eye movement restriction and soft tissue involvement (58.1 %). Diplopia, optic nerve dysfunction were rare (3.2 %). Only 19.3 % patients had active disease according to clinical activity score. Major clinical sign of activity was redness of conjunctiva. Maximum no. of patients with active disease had a clinical activity score of 4. Smoking showed a significant association with the severity of ophthalmopathy. (p value 0.001) There was a significant association between age and activity of disease. (p value 0.021). No association was found between duration of disease with presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. There was no association between co- morbidities with presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. No association was found between hormone status and presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in our population with GD evaluated at our tertiary care centre was similar to that reported in the Caucasians of European origin. Clinically active and sight threatening ophthalmopathy was uncommon. KEYWORDS Graves’ Disease, Ophthalmopathy

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Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with active and stable thyroid eye disease

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia ◽

10.5935/0004-2749.20190019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adem Gul ◽

Ekrem Basural ◽

Hilal Eser Ozturk

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Thyroid Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease

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Choroidal vascularity index in thyroid eye disease: comparison with controls and application in diagnosing non-inflammatory active disease

Orbit ◽

10.1080/01676830.2021.2014893 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tarjani Vivek Dave ◽

Ganesh Babu Jonnadula ◽

Prashanthi Lanka ◽

Ramya Natarajan ◽

Vivek Pravin Dave

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Active Disease

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Increase of central foveal and temporal choroidal thickness in patients with inactive thyroid eye disease

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01804-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joohyun Kim ◽

Sumin Yoon ◽

Sehyun Baek

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Thyroid Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Central Fovea

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to compare the choroidal thickness between a group of Korean patients with inactive thyroid eye disease (TED) and a control group of Korean patients and to analyze the variables affecting choroidal thickness. Methods Patients diagnosed with inactive TED and without TED who underwent optical coherence tomography and axial length measurements were included and classified into the TED group and control group. Choroidal thickness was measured using images acquired in enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode by cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, UAS) at the central fovea and points 1.5 mm nasal and 1.5 mm temporal from the central fovea using a caliper tool provided by OCT software. Results The mean central foveal choroidal thickness was 294.2 ± 71.4 µm and 261.1 ± 47.4 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, while the mean temporal choroidal thickness was 267.6 ± 67.5 µm and 235.7 ± 41.3 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.011, P = 0.008). The mean nasal choroidal thickness was 232.1 ± 71.7 µm and 221.1 ± 59.9 µm in the TED and control groups, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.421). Multivariate regression analysis showed the factors affecting central foveal choroidal thickness were age, axial length, and degree of exophthalmos, and factors affecting temporal choroidal thickness were age and degree of exophthalmos. Conclusions Central foveal and temporal choroidal thickness were significantly thicker in patients with inactive TED than in control subjects, while age, axial length, and degree of exophthalmos were identified as major factors affecting choroidal thickness.

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