Klosteraufhebungen in den österreichischen Erblanden unter Joseph II. im Blickwinkel von Material und Spatial Turn – ein Forschungsdesiderat

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

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Towards a GIS Analysis of Literary Cultures: The Making of the Slovenian Ethnoscape Through Literature

International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing ◽

10.3366/ijhac.2015.0149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 196-218

Author(s):

Marko Juvan ◽

Joh Dokler

Keyword(s):

Literary Culture ◽

Literary Texts ◽

Spatial Turn ◽

Territorial Expansion ◽

Reciprocal Influence ◽

Discourse Practices ◽

The Social ◽

Literary Cultures ◽

History Of ◽

National Ideology

This article presents methodological starting points, heuristics and the results of a GIS-based analysis of the history of Slovenian literary culture from the 1780s to 1941. The ethnically Slovenian territory was multilingual and multicultural; it belonged to different state entities with distant capitals, which was reflected in the spatial dynamic of literary culture. The research results have confirmed the hypotheses of the research project ‘The Space of Slovenian Literary Culture,’ which were based on postulates of the spatial turn: the socio-geographical space influenced the development of literature and its media, whereas literature itself, through its discourse, practices and institutions, had a reciprocal influence on the apprehension and structuring of that space, as well as on its connection with the broader region. Slovenian literary discourse was able to manifest itself in public predominantly through the history of spatial factors: (a) the formation, territorial expansion and concentration of the social network of literary actors and media; (b) the persistent references of literary texts to places that were recognized by addressees as Slovenian, thereby grounding a national ideology. Taking all of this into account, and based on meta-theoretical reflection, the project aims to contribute to the development of digital humanities and spatial literary studies.

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German Women Writers and the Spatial Turn: New Perspectives. Edited by Carola Daffner and Beth A. Muellner. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter, 2015. vi + 271 pages. €99,95 / $140.00 gebunden oder eBook.

Monatshefte ◽

10.3368/m.109.4.697 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 697-699

Author(s):

Valerie Heffernan

Keyword(s):

Women Writers ◽

Spatial Turn

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The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism

10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

R. R. Palmer

Keyword(s):

American Revolution ◽

Royal Authority ◽

Joseph Ii

The forces of aristocracy, which in some countries in the 1780s prevailed over democratic movements, prevailed in others over monarchy itself. This chapter takes up a thread left hanging at the close of Chapter IV. It was shown there that, by the middle 1770s, or just before the American Revolution, the kings of France and of Sweden, and the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, had asserted royal authority and put the constituted bodies of their several realms under restraint. The following fifteen years made clear the limits beyond which enlightened despotism could not go. However held down, the constituted bodies—estates, diets, parlements, and the like—had strong powers of survival and resurgence. This chapter deals mainly with the Hapsburg monarchy under Joseph II and Leopold II, with observations, since not everything can be told, on Prussia, Sweden, and Russia.

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