Physical and chemical property of mainstream aerosol generated from heated tobacco products

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Yoshika SEKINE ◽  
Takumi YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Property ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Optimization of the sampling scheme for maps of physical and chemical properties estimated by kriging

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gener Tadeu Pereira ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
José Marques Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Property ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Sampling Schemes ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The sampling scheme is essential in the investigation of the spatial variability of soil properties in Soil Science studies. The high costs of sampling schemes optimized with additional sampling points for each physical and chemical soil property, prevent their use in precision agriculture. The purpose of this study was to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for physical and chemical property sets and investigate its effect on the quality of soil sampling. Soil was sampled on a 42-ha area, with 206 geo-referenced points arranged in a regular grid spaced 50 m from each other, in a depth range of 0.00-0.20 m. In order to obtain an optimal sampling scheme for every physical and chemical property, a sample grid, a medium-scale variogram and the extended Spatial Simulated Annealing (SSA) method were used to minimize kriging variance. The optimization procedure was validated by constructing maps of relative improvement comparing the sample configuration before and after the process. A greater concentration of recommended points in specific areas (NW-SE direction) was observed, which also reflects a greater estimate variance at these locations. The addition of optimal samples, for specific regions, increased the accuracy up to 2 % for chemical and 1 % for physical properties. The use of a sample grid and medium-scale variogram, as previous information for the conception of additional sampling schemes, was very promising to determine the locations of these additional points for all physical and chemical soil properties, enhancing the accuracy of kriging estimates of the physical-chemical properties.

Investigation of physical and chemical property changes of ultra low-κ SiOCH in aspect of cleaning and chemical repair processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Oszinda ◽  
Matthias Schaller ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
Christine Walsh ◽  
Stefan E. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Property ◽  
Repair Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical Property ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Property of High Turbidity Layer Formed near the Sea Bottom

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. I_861-I_865
Author(s):  
Kohei UENO ◽  
Takeshi KOEDA ◽  
Shinya NAKASHITA ◽  
Tadashi HIBINO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Property ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Physical And Chemical Property ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Physical And Chemical
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document