Fighting to Cooperate: Litigation, Collaboration, and Water Management in the Upper Deschutes River Basin, Oregon

Water management systems in the western United States prioritize historical economic uses of water, but are being tasked with addressing growing populations, unmet ecosystem needs, and climatic changes. Collaborative governance scholars posit that collaborative processes generate solutions better suited to resolving wicked natural resource problems than traditional regulatory approaches. However, scholars dispute how collaboration and regulatory enforcement in the form of litigation interact: does litigation destroy collaborative efforts or does litigation facilitate collaboration? In the Upper Deschutes River Basin in central Oregon, stakeholders engaged two collaborative processes to lay the foundation for a new water management regime. However, a participant in these processes was concerned that they were not progressing and filed a lawsuit under the Endangered Species Act. This research finds that litigation, strategically applied under specific conditions, can facilitate collaboration.

Artemisia estesii (Asteraceae), a new diploid species of the Artemisia ludoviciana complex in the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.)

The new species described here, Artemisia estesii, belongs to the Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. species’ group in the Pacific Northwest. It was shown by J.R. Estes (1968a, 1969) to be a diploid member of an otherwise polyploid hybrid complex, with most of its related species and subspecies occurring at the tetraploid and hexaploid levels. Artemisia estesii is recognized by its underground and emergent, over-wintering, basal shoots, which are homologs of the elongate, underground rhizomes found in other herbaceous Artemisia species. Its regularly lobed leaf blades, with usually a broad rachis, differ from subspecies of A. ludoviciana in eastern Oregon. It occupies a narrow zone of streambank vegetation along the central Deschutes River and extends eastward along the lower Crooked River. Disjunct populations are known from Wheeler County and Lake County.