The results of immunohistochemical study of signaling pathways’ markers of proliferation in uterine leiomyoma in women using hormonal contraception.

Objective. To elucidate the influence of various components of hormonal contraception in women with uterine leiomyoma (UL) on the key molecular and cellular mechanisms of its proliferation. Methods. Antigen Ki-67, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were determined by immunohistochemical methods in 230 samples of UL preparations obtained during myomectomy. Depending on the composition of the components of hormonal contraceptives that women used for 12 months before the operation, 8 study groups were created: Group I - control, without the use of any hormonal contraception; Group II - the use of COCs containing 20 μg of ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg of gestaden; Group III - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg gestaden) Group IV - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel) Group V - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel) Group VI - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest) Group VII - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone) Group VIII - (intrauterine levonorgestrel releasing system (IUD-LNG). Results. In UL samples from group I, an increase of Ki-67 positive cells in 3.4 times was observed (3.1 ± 0.03%; p <0.04) in comparison with intact myometrium (IM) (0.9 ± 0.06%), which is evidence of a higher cell proliferation in the UL, a 3.1-fold increase in the H-index of ER expression - 39.4 ± 4.3 (p <0.05) versus 12.9 ± 1.6 in the group with IM I and in 2.6 times of PR expression - 21.1 ± 1.7 (p <0.05) compared to IM - 8.2 ± 1.4, which may indicate a greater sensitivity of UL to sex hormones and their promoter role in UL proliferation. Expression of Ki-67 in UL samples in women taking COCs, which included dienogest (1.8 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group VI and desogestrel (1.9 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group IV, was, 42.0% and 38.8% respectively, what ois less than in group I UL, which can be regarded as the cytoprotective effect of the progestogen component of COC on the mitotic activity of UL cells. A positive trend in the expression of Ki-67 persisted when women used COCs containing gestodene (2.1 ± 0.02%; p <0.05) - group III and levonorgestrel (2.2 ± 0.04%, p <0.05) - group V, in which the expression of Ki-67 was shown by a smaller number of PM cells, respectively, by 32.3% and 25.8% than in group I PM, and also to a lesser extent - in group VIII (COC with droperidone), where the mean value of Ki-67 expression in LM samples was 2.6 ± 0.02% and was 16.9% less than in LM group I. An increase in the dose of ethinyl estradiol in COCs from 20 μg (group II) to 30 μg (group III) did not significantly affect the expression of Ki-67, therefore, the content of estrogens in modern low-dose COCs does not contribute to an increase in proliferation in the LM, and the non-contraceptive antiproliferative effect is associated exclusively with biological and the pharmacological properties of individual gestagens in the composition of COCs. It was proved that the studied COCs did not significantly affect the expression of ER and PGR. There was no significant difference in the expression of the Ki-67 marker (2.9 ± 0.04%, p <0.05) in UL cells in women using LNG-IUD for contraception, compared with group I. Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that when choosing a drug for hormonal contraception in women with UL, preference should be given to combined hormonal drugs that contain progestogens with the most pronounced antiproliferative properties (dienogest, desogestrel and levonorgestrel).

Group VIII coordination complexes of bidentate P^N ligands bearing π-extended quinoline or phenanthridine N-heterocycles

Group 8 complexes of π-extended N-heterocyclic ligands present some unexpected results. Benzannulation shifts the lowest energy excitation to the blue by impacting the character of the transition rather than affecting frontier orbital energies.

Non-Plasmonic Ni Nanoparticles Catalyzed Visible Light Selective Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers in Lignin under Mild Conditions

Light-driven catalysis on catalytically versatile group VIII metals, which has been widely used in thermal-catalysis, holds great potential in solar-to-chemical conversion. We report a novel photocatalysis process for the selective...

Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Resistivity of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized over Group VIII Metallocenes

The paper reports the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from ethanol over group VIII (Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts derived from corresponding metallocenes. Several unexpected cooperative effects are reported, which are never observed in the case of individual metallocenes such as the commonly used ferrocene catalyst Fe(C5H5)2. The formation of very long (up to several µm) straight monocrystal metal kernels inside the carbon nanotubes was the most interesting effect. The use of trimetal catalysts (Fe1-x-yCoxNiy)(C5H5)2 resulted in the sharp increase in the yield of carbon nanotubes. The electrical conductivity of the produced nanotubes is determined by the nature of the catalyst. The variation of individual metals in the Ni-Co-Fe leads to a drop of the electrical resistivity of nanotube samples by the order of magnitude, i.e., from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.1 × 10−5 Ω∙m. A controlled change in the electrophysical properties of the nanotubes can make it possible to expand their use as fillers in composites, photothermal and tunable magnetic nanomaterials with pre-designed electrical conductivity and other electromagnetic properties.