Argumentative Communication in Rawdat Al-Muhebben wa Nozhatt Al-Mushtaqeen’s Book by Ibn Al-Qayyem: The Foundations and Mechanisms of its Functioning

This research seeks to unravel the components of the argumentative discourse in the Book of ʻRawdat al-Muhebbeen wa Nozhatt al-Mushtaqeenʼ - The Garden of Lovers and the Promenade of Longing People – by Ibn Al-Qayyem Al-Jawziyah. This is because this book has a moderate discourse with a sound Islamic thought that is characterized by its sustainability, popularity, realism, and interaction with the successive developments of the new age. This reflects the intellectual maturity the composing process has reached in the philosophy of love and its educational bases in every place and time. To explore the componets, properties, and the working mechanisms of an argumentative discourse in Ibn Qayyem’s book, the present work has been conducted using a pragmatic closeness approach among the three communication polars: (sender, receiver, and message). Through the third pole, the researcher attempts to interpret the text internally, shedding light on its philosophical and aesthetic semantic significance. Such a type of analysis helps reveal the logical argument that conforms to the spirit of the age during which the book appeared. This can be clarified by exploring the sender’s employed emotional arguments that are connected to the recipient and his persuasive realistic experiences. All the above discussion reveals the secrets of a discourse and its hidden points, establishes the values of a dialogue and persuasion, accepts the differences, and reconciles between the different opinions. Accordingly, an argumentative entery has been chosen as it represents a communicative act that is based on a set of interactive rules orienting interlocuters’ intentions.

Long-Term Outcomes of a Simulation-Based Remediation for Residents and Faculty With Unprofessional Behavior

ABSTRACT Background There are few studies describing remediation for unprofessional behavior in residents and faculty and none that assess the long-term impact of remediation. Objective We implemented a simulation-based personalized remediation program for unprofessional behavior in residents and faculty and collected assessments from participants and referring supervisors. Methods Residents and faculty were referred for unprofessional behaviors, including aggressive, condescending, and argumentative communication styles as well as an inability to read social cues. We had standardized patients recreate the scenarios that triggered the unprofessional behavior. After each scenario, participants reviewed a videotape of their performance, participated in guided self-reflection and feedback, and then iteratively practiced skills. In 2017, about 2 to 4 years after the intervention, we conducted structured phenomenological qualitative interviews until thematic saturation was reached. Transcripts were analyzed inductively for themes by 2 reviewers (J.G. and research assistant). Results Requests for interviews were sent to 16 residents, 8 faculty members, and 24 supervisors, including program directors. Nine remediation participants (38%) and 19 referring supervisors (79%) were interviewed. Sixteen supervisors reported no recurrence of unprofessional behavior in participants 2 to 4 years after the intervention, and participants identified behavioral strategies to reduce unprofessional behavior. Participants and respective supervisors reported similar themes of behavior changes that resulted in improved professional interaction with others. Conclusions A simulation-based personalized remediation program for unprofessional behavior, where faculty and residents practice behaviors with guided feedback, can lead to sustained positive behavior change in participants.