PROSES PENYUSUNAN KOMPOSISI GAMELAN "ARUHARA"

This article contains the author’s experience in composing gamelan composition, “Aruhara”. In the composing process of “Aruhara”, the author was inspired by the Genderan of Ada-ada Ngobong Dupa presented by Sumiyati. In order to create the gamelan composition “Aruhara”, the author uses reinterpretation approaches. The steps of composing the piece are: observation, exploration, elaboration, rehearsal, and finalization. The process that has been passed has resulted new offers in addressing the gender instrument, such as the use of patterns, techniques, musical scales and the connection between the instruments. The author hopes this article can be useful as an alternative source to learn gamelan compositions for gamelan composition learners, and it can provides an overview about the discourse, also the performance of Indonesian composers.Keywords::Composition, Gamelan, Gender, Aruhara, Karawitan

Composing Like an Entrepreneur: The Pedagogical Implications of Design Thinking in the Workplace

Fierce competition has made innovation increasingly necessary for business success, and this has increased the importance of user-based innovation strategies like design thinking (DT). While many studies in technical and professional communication (TPC) have explored how DT can be used pedagogically, no studies have done this through investigating how DT is used as a workplace composing process. This study does exactly that. First, it presents the current state of research on pedagogical uses of DT in TPC, and then it builds upon those suggestions with an empirical study that chronicles on how two web design firms use DT to make websites. My main suggestion is to teach DT as a recursive process that allows students transcend potentially incorrect assumptions built into design tasks through gathering data not only from users, but from clients as well.

Argumentative Communication in Rawdat Al-Muhebben wa Nozhatt Al-Mushtaqeen’s Book by Ibn Al-Qayyem: The Foundations and Mechanisms of its Functioning

This research seeks to unravel the components of the argumentative discourse in the Book of ʻRawdat al-Muhebbeen wa Nozhatt al-Mushtaqeenʼ - The Garden of Lovers and the Promenade of Longing People – by Ibn Al-Qayyem Al-Jawziyah. This is because this book has a moderate discourse with a sound Islamic thought that is characterized by its sustainability, popularity, realism, and interaction with the successive developments of the new age. This reflects the intellectual maturity the composing process has reached in the philosophy of love and its educational bases in every place and time. To explore the componets, properties, and the working mechanisms of an argumentative discourse in Ibn Qayyem’s book, the present work has been conducted using a pragmatic closeness approach among the three communication polars: (sender, receiver, and message). Through the third pole, the researcher attempts to interpret the text internally, shedding light on its philosophical and aesthetic semantic significance. Such a type of analysis helps reveal the logical argument that conforms to the spirit of the age during which the book appeared. This can be clarified by exploring the sender’s employed emotional arguments that are connected to the recipient and his persuasive realistic experiences. All the above discussion reveals the secrets of a discourse and its hidden points, establishes the values of a dialogue and persuasion, accepts the differences, and reconciles between the different opinions. Accordingly, an argumentative entery has been chosen as it represents a communicative act that is based on a set of interactive rules orienting interlocuters’ intentions.

KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM SKRIPSI MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA UNIVERSITAS TIDAR

<em><span>Students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI) should master scientific writing in Indonesian. However, the facts on the ground are different. There are many language errors found in student theses. This study aims to describe the language errors of PBSI students in their thesis. By knowing the types of students' language errors in their thesis, Indonesian language learning, especially writing skills, can be improved in the future. Therefore, this research is beneficial for students, teachers, and lecturers. This research was conducted qualitatively with data sources obtained through population and sampling techniques. The data source is the student's thesis of PBSI, so the data is in the form of written language. Meanwhile, the research data analysis used the agih method with the lesap technique, the ganti technique, and the ubah wujud technique. The results of this study are the existence of language errors at various linguistic levels, namely phonology, morphology, and syntax. Language errors at the morphological level are in the form of errors in the use of punctuation marks. Errors at the morphological level are in the form of errors in the affixation process. Meanwhile, errors at the syntactic level are in the form of errors in the sentence composing process.</span></em>

EvoComposer: An Evolutionary Algorithm for 4-Voice Music Compositions

Evolutionary algorithms mimic evolutionary behaviors in order to solve problems. They have been successfully applied in many areas and appear to have a special relationship with creative problems; such a relationship, over the last two decades, has resulted in a long list of applications, including several in the field of music. In this article, we provide an evolutionary algorithm able to compose music. More specifically we consider the following 4-voice harmonization problem: one of the 4 voices (which are bass, tenor, alto, and soprano) is given as input and the composer has to write the other 3 voices in order to have a complete 4-voice piece of music with a 4-note chord for each input note. Solving such a problem means finding appropriate chords to use for each input note and also finding a placement of the notes within each chord so that melodic concerns are addressed. Such a problem is known as the unfigured harmonization problem. The proposed algorithm for the unfigured harmonization problem, named EvoComposer, uses a novel representation of the solutions in terms of chromosomes (that allows to handle both harmonic and nonharmonic tones), specialized operators (that exploit musical information to improve the quality of the produced individuals), and a novel hybrid multiobjective evaluation function (based on an original statistical analysis of a large corpus of Bach's music). Moreover EvoComposer is the first evolutionary algorithm for this specific problem. EvoComposer is a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, based on the well-known NSGA-II strategy, and takes into consideration two objectives: the harmonic objective, that is finding appropriate chords, and the melodic objective, that is finding appropriate melodic lines. The composing process is totally automatic, without any human intervention. We also provide an evaluation study showing that EvoComposer outperforms other metaheuristics by producing better solutions in terms of both well-known measures of performance, such as hypervolume, [Formula: see text] index, coverage of two sets, and standard measures of music creativity. We conjecture that a similar approach can be useful also for similar musical problems.

The passive voice in scientific writing through the ages: A diachronic study

Diachronic studies on scientific writing have indicated an increase in the use of passives from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. With the current shift in focus towards making scientific writing more accessible, there is less certainty on the extent of passive use in the modern era. Although the use of the active voice is presently encouraged, the findings from available studies are mixed. There are also few diachronic studies involving recent articles. This present study investigated the trend in passive use from the nineteenth century to the present day using 80 articles from a multidisciplinary science journal covering four time periods (1880, 1930, 1980, and 2017). The study found that the extent of passive use was stable from 1880 to 1980 (occurring in about 29–36% of all clauses) but declined in 2017 (averaging below 25%). The study also found a decline in the use of finite passives to describe methodological actions and a corresponding increase in the use of first-person pronouns in the 2017 articles. Further work involving a larger corpus and an understanding of writer decisions in the composing process is needed.

Monitoring of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Composting Process: Relationship between Microorganisms and Physico-Chemical Parameters

The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the composting potential of fruit and vegetable waste with sawdust in different combinations and to establish the relationship between microorganisms and physico-chemical parameters. Three samples were made with the C/N ratios of 50 (sample 1), 45 (sample 2), and 30 (sample 3) by adding fruit waste (apple, banana, orange, and kiwi peels) and vegetable waste (cabbage leaves, potato and carrot peels). The total amount of fruit and vegetable waste was approximately 2 kg in each sample to which different quantities of sawdust were added (1.23, 0.14, and 0.203 kg) in order to obtain the C/N ratios proposed and to limit the odor. Composting process was monitored over 70 days, while physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Results showed that in the first week pH is acidic and electrical conductivity values are high for all three samples, and then the pH values increase during the composting process, while electrical conductivity values decrease. The nitrogen content is low in all samples and will decrease during the first five weeks of the composting process, then begin to increase slightly. Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn values in the all three compost samples are below threshold values. During the composing process the microbial communities are constantly changing. The compost was successfully obtained and meets the requirement standards for agricultural use. It can be concluded that there is statistically significant association between the microorganisms and physico-chemical indicators.

L1 USED DURING L2 FREE WRITING: A LOOK AT BEGINNING WRITERS

This research aims to investigate the composing process and writing strategiesofthe beginning writers’free writing product dealing with the writing problem and theory of the writing process. It is seenfrom their grammar (minor grammatical errors, such as –s on verbs in third person singular),vocabulary (knows most words needed to express ideas but lacks vocabulary for finer shades ofmeaning), sentence (uses several sentences pattern), organization (somewhat sequenced), and fluency(writes several sentences). It focuses on how the beginning writers’ L1 influence their L2 free writingproduct. Twenty five (25) students invoked by producing twenty five (25) different topics. The resultshows that there is an influence of L1 knowledge to L2 language production in which the participantstranslate their ideas in L1 knowledge to L2 language directly without considering the structures andforms.