Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated AH-MY3T, was isolated from a tidal flat on Aphae island of the south-western sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain AH-MY3T grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AH-MY3T joined the cluster comprising the type strains of Yeosuana aromativorans, Snuella lapsa and Meridianimaribacter flavus, showing sequence similarities of 93.9, 93.7 and 92.6 %, respectively. Strain AH-MY3T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.0–94.7 % to the type strains of ‘Aestuariibaculum scopimerae’, Winogradskyella aquimaris, Winogradskyella poriferorum and Gaetbulibacter aestuarii. Strain AH-MY3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The fatty acid and polar lipid profiles of strain AH-MY3T could be distinguished from those of the type strains of phylogenetically related taxa. The DNA G+C content of strain AH-MY3T was 37 mol%. The phylogenetic data and differential chemotaxonomic and other phenotypic properties revealed that strain AH-MY3T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aestuariivivens insulae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Aestuariivivens insulae is AH-MY3T ( = KCTC 42350T = NBRC 110723T).

Winogradskyella aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater

A Gram-negative, non-flagellated, motile by gliding, aerobic rod, designated DPG-24T, was isolated from seawater of Geoje Island in the South Sea, Korea. Strain DPG-24T grew optimally at 30–37 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DPG-24T belonged to the genus Winogradskyella and clustered with Winogradskyella poriferorum UST030701-295T and Winogradskyella exilis 022-2-26T. Strain DPG-24T exhibited 97.6 and 95.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with W. poriferorum UST030701-295T and W. exilis 022-2-26T, respectively, and 92.4–95.7 % with other members of the genus Winogradskyella . Strain DPG-24T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 36.7 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolate and W. poriferorum JCM 12885T was 10.8 %. The differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness enabled strain DPG-24T to be differentiated from recognized members of the genus Winogradskyella . On the basis of the data presented, strain DPG-24T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella , for which the name Winogradskyella aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is DPG-24T ( = KCTC 23502T = CCUG 60798T).

Winogradskyella poriferorum sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a sponge in the Bahamas

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain UST030701-295T) with fast gliding motility was isolated from the surface of the sponge Lissodendoryx isodictyalis in the Bahamas. Colonies of UST030701-295T were yellow in colour, 2–4 mm in diameter, convex with a smooth surface and entire margins. UST030701-295T was heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and required NaCl for growth (1·0–4·0 %). Growth was observed at pH 6·0–10·0 and at 12–44 °C. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed UST030701-295T within the genus Winogradskyella of the family Flavobacteriaceae, sharing 94·7–95·8 % similarity with the three recognized members of the genus. The G+C content of the DNA was 32·8 mol% and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1 ω7 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (together representing 75·4 % of the total); these data supported the affiliation of UST030701-295T to the genus Winogradskyella. UST030701-295T differed from the three recognized species of Winogradskyella in 7–17 traits. Molecular evidence together with phenotypic characteristics suggests that UST030701-295T represents a novel species within the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella poriferorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UST030701-295T (=NRRL B-41101T=JCM 12885T).