To question about breeding naked oat Virovets

The aim of the research was to develop a cultivar of naked oat with improved traits of productivity and grain quality for cultivation under climate change conditions and utilization in breeding practice as a source of useful economic properties. The pre-flag leaf’s area was found to render a considerable effect on the formation of the number of grains and grain weight in the panicle and on the total biomass (r= 0.78-0.85), while the area of leaves depended on the duration of the period from seedling emergence to wax ripeness (r = ‒0.79) and on agroclimatic conditions during the growing season (HTC, r = 0.76). The flag leaf’s pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Car) were observed to have a sizable effect on the weight of 1000 grains during the period from flowering to milk ripeness (r = 0.79-0.88). The new naked cultivar ‘Virovets’ (1h07) with improved levels of productivity and grain quality (1000 grain weight: 29.2 g; crude protein content: up to 19.8%; oil of the oleic-linoleic group: 7.71%, grain volume weight: 670 g/l; pubescence: weak) was developed to be cultivated for food and feed purposes and be used in naked oat breeding as a source of high grain quality.

Analysis of Genotype-by-Environment Interaction in Winter Wheat Growth in Organic Production System

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 36 wheat winter (Triticum aestivum L.) lines in organic systems in three locations in Nebraska, to compare the performance of the released cultivars with experimental lines to help in the process of selection, to study the magnitude and behavior of genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield, anthesis date, plant height, protein content, grain volume weight and vegetation index, and to identify the more stable genotypes. Linear mixed models and site regression model was implemented for reaching the objectives of the present research. Genotypic and GE interaction are significant across the three locations for all traits except for anthesis date. Environment were significant for the six traits. Yield is negative correlated with protein content and plant height. In general the genetic correlation explained more of the genotype performance, although the GE interaction was significant. The best genotypes for grain yield across the three environments were genotypes NW03666, SD07165, NE07444 and Overland. For vegetation index the best lines were: Lyman and Buckskin. For grain volume weight the best lines were: Lyman, NW03681, Danby and Goodstreak. For anthesis date all genotypes were similar. For plant height, the best lines were Goodstreak, Buckskin and Clarkscream. For protein content, the best lines were Goodstreak, Karl92, Lyman, and Clarkscream. In general the average grain yield of the experimental lines was better than the released lines. For anthesis date, the performance was similar between experimental and released lines. However, for vegetation index, plant height, grain volume weight and protein content, the average performance of the experimental lines was lower than the released lines.

Stettler hard red spring wheat

Based on 34 replicated trials over 3 yr, Stettler, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), expressed significantly higher grain yield than all checks except Superb. Wheat and flour protein concentration were significantly greater than all of the checks except Lillian. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie and Katepwa but earlier than Superb. Stettler was significantly shorter than all of the checks except Superb and was more resistant to lodging than Katepwa and Laura. Stettler had high grain volume weight and intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Stettler expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust, common bunt and loose smut, with moderate susceptibility to prevalent races of leaf rust and fusarium head blight.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, protein, disease resistance, doubled haploid

Rate of starch degradation, apparent digestibility and rate and efficiency of steer gain as influenced by barley grain volume-weight and processing method

The effects of barley grain volume-weight and processing method on rate of starch degradation, apparent digestibility, metabolizability and rate and efficiency of growth of steers were examined in a series of trials. The organic matter in an all-concentrate diet containing light barley grain (43 kg hL−1) was 2% less (P = 0.03) digestible than organic matter in diets containing heavier barley grains (59, 64 and 66 kg hL−1). No differences (P = 0.19) in methane production due to barley volume-weight were detected. Rates of gain (1.63–1.67 kg d−1, P = 0.90) and dry matter (DM) intakes (9.8–10.2 kg d−1, P = 0.52) of steers were not affected by including barley grains of differing volume-weights (43, 59 and 64 kg hL−1) in the diet of 90 growing-finishing steers. Steers fed the light barley had a 6% increase (P = 0.27) in DM:gain requirements in comparison with steers fed the two heavier barley grains. Steam-rolling barley in comparison with dry-rolling had no effect on either animal growth rate (1.66 versus 1.64 kg d−1, P = 0.84) or DM:gain ratio (6.15 versus 5.98, P = 0.40). Carcass characteristics were not influenced by grain type or grain processing method. Differences (P < 0.05) were detected in the rate of degradation of starch by amyloglucosidase among three barley grains. Starch in steam-rolled barley was degraded faster (P < 0.05) than starch in dry-rolled barley. Key words: Barley grain, steers, digestibility, gain, efficiency, starch degradation