Hybrid spectrum management using integrated fuzzy and femtocells in cognitive domain

In Today’s pandemic situation, ‘Spectrum accessing and smart usage’ is the sacred Mantra uttered by every individual citizen in the world. Work from home for techies, online classes for students, games for kids, webinar for teaching fraternity etc., are going almost on indoor coverage without any limit in pace because of the smart spectrum coverage by the network service providers. This paper provides an add-on facility to the existing wireless infrastructure to provide a better user experience in this highly regrettable routine. In this paper, a cognitive domain unused spectrum holes are efficiently handled by (i) adaptive spectrum management technique; (ii) Fuzzy Inference System based spectrum administration and (iii) Hybrid Cognitive Femtocell approaches based on the user demand and their applications. The proposed integrated cognitive femtocell and Fuzzy-based approach reduces the indoor coverage problems and enhances the throughput of the macrocell users by allowing adaptive spectrum management based on the demand, thereby eliminating spectrum underlay and overlay problems during critical conditions. In cognitive femtocell networks, the access points are prepared and installed with Cognitive Radio which can determine spectrum dynamically by macrocells and nearby Femto Access Points. It adjusts its radiating parameters to evade the macrocells’ interferences and the neighbouring femtocells, thereby maximising the spectrum band’s overall utility.

Customizing WLAN Access Point’s Indoor Coverage and Throughput with Corner Reflector

Careful control of indoor wireless coverage is crucial to ensure better signal reception at user-end, mitigate interference to other adjacent wireless systems plus reduce possibility of signal reception by unintended users. Existing solutions are either costly or difficult to configure. This paper presents empirical IEEE802.11 indoor coverage and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput analysis for WLAN Access Point with corner reflector. The integration of two corner reflector configurations to Access Point was shown to successfully weaken signals by up to 19 dB and 100% of TCP throughput while strengthening signals by up to 6 dB and 40% of TCP throughput for respective intended regions. The results demonstrate potential application of corner reflector to customize indoor coverage and regulate reliable internet connectivity of Access Point.