A Survey on Client Throughput Prediction Algorithms in Wired and Wireless Networks

Network communication has become a part of everyday life, and the interconnection among devices and people will increase even more in the future. Nevertheless, prediction of Quality of Service parameters, particularly throughput, is quite a challenging task. In this survey, we provide an extensive insight into the literature on Transmission Control Protocol throughput prediction. The goal is to provide an overview of the used techniques and to elaborate on open aspects and white spots in this area. We assessed more than 35 approaches spanning from equation-based over various time smoothing to modern learning and location smoothing methods. In addition, different error functions for the evaluation of the approaches as well as publicly available recording tools and datasets are discussed. To conclude, we point out open challenges especially looking in the area of moving mobile network clients. The use of throughput prediction not only enables a more efficient use of the available bandwidth, the techniques shown in this work also result in more robust and stable communication.

Implementation of a Remote Activation Alarm System by the Citizens of the District of Carabayllo, Lima-Peru

Citizen insecurity is a reality with which we must coexist, the cities of Latin America are among the most violent and insecure in the world. According to the statistics of the National Police of Peru, they report that by 2017 the crimes of theft or robbery were the most common because they had a monthly average of 15348 complaints, equivalent to 66.9% of the total crimes nationwide. The INEI (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics) revealed that in the same year the district of Carabayllo obtained 1.85% of the total complaints in Metropolitan Lima, occupying the 17th place in the ranking of districts with the highest number of complaints for this crime. That is why in the present research work a way to counteract these criminal acts was proposed, the first thing is to be located within the operating range of the RF module, so that the remote transmission control can activate it, the RF module will be connected to the power outlet and the siren. The siren will oversee persuading the criminal, in addition to alerting the neighbors about the events that are happening. It was obtained as a result that the system fulfills its purpose, it can be alerted in real time about some attempted theft or at the instant of a threat situation, only by pressing the button of the remote control we can persuade the criminals either by scaring them with the sound or with the help of the neighbors. Keywords-- Citizen insecurity, RF Module, Siren, Remote Control

Distributed reflection denial of service attack: A critical review

As the world becomes increasingly connected and the number of users grows exponentially and “things” go online, the prospect of cyberspace becoming a significant target for cybercriminals is a reality. Any host or device that is exposed on the internet is a prime target for cyberattacks. A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is accountable for the majority of these cyberattacks. Although various solutions have been proposed by researchers to mitigate this issue, cybercriminals always adapt their attack approach to circumvent countermeasures. One of the modified DoS attacks is known as distributed reflection denial-of-service attack (DRDoS). This type of attack is considered to be a more severe variant of the DoS attack and can be conducted in transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). However, this attack is not effective in the TCP protocol due to the three-way handshake approach that prevents this type of attack from passing through the network layer to the upper layers in the network stack. On the other hand, UDP is a connectionless protocol, so most of these DRDoS attacks pass through UDP. This study aims to examine and identify the differences between TCP-based and UDP-based DRDoS attacks.

Analysis of the socioeconomic barriers in implementing public health measures to contain COVID-19 transmission in Pakistan: a DELPHI–DEMATEL-based approach

PurposeThe present study aims to identify and evaluate the socioeconomic barriers to effective COVID-19 pandemic transmission control in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe study identifies multiple socio-economic barriers through an extensive literature review. The preliminary analysis unveiled 15 socio-economic barriers. Nine experts were contacted to collect data and finalize the most prominent barriers to COVID-19 transmission control using the DELPHI method. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was used to process and interpret the data collected and a cause–effect relationship was established among the barriers.FindingsThe finalized barriers to effective COVID-19 pandemic transmission control were evaluated using DEMATEL which grouped criteria into two grouped criteria – cause and effect. The DEMATEL analysis shows that poor safety culture, lack of strategy and goal setting, lack of resources, late realization and recognition of the pandemic problem and lack of expertise and capacity in disaster and risk management fall into the cause group. These factors are critical as they directly affect the remaining barriers identified in the study.Originality/valueDespite the collective global efforts, the national economies have been struggling to completely control COVID-19 transmission control. Pakistan’s economy has been facing the third wave of the pandemic. It is mandatory to identify the barriers and evaluate them to develop a comprehensive strategy ensuring that there would be no fourth wave. The study identifies and evaluates the barriers to COVID-19 transmission control in Pakistan using the integrated DELPHI-DEMATEL framework. The findings would help the government, experts and strategists to develop a comprehensive disaster and risk management strategy.