Knowledge flows, strategic motives and innovation performance: Insights from Australian and New Zealand investment in Europe

We study the international innovation strategies of Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) firms in the European context, to explain their investment motives, knowledge flows and innovation performance. Our thematic analysis of seven case studies suggests that ANZ investors' motives for innovation in Europe are often both market- and knowledge-seeking and that some are also motivated by diversification and cooperation. While the strategic intent is often for the knowledge to flow in multiple directions among subsidiaries and headquarters (HQ), distance poses challenges to the efficiency of the process. European subsidiaries are often seen as potentially playing a key role in firms' global innovation systems, particularly with regards to radical innovation. However, because of distance and communication bottlenecks (e.g., time zone differences), HQ does not always recognise this potential. We develop a model proposing that HQ–subsidiary trust and strategic motives are moderators in the process of international knowledge connectivity and knowledge creation.

An Analysis of Bodri Watershed Governance System

Watershed management needs collaboration and program integration from all stakeholders including government and non-government institutions, as well as communities. Despite the existent of a number of regulatory frameworks, there are various problems in watershed management that need to be systematically diagnosed for future improvement. This paper focuses on Bodri Watershed, which stretches through three regencies (e.g. Temanggung, Semarang and Kendal Regencies) and has a vital role not only in the ecological but also socio-economic life of the surrounding communities. The paper aims to evaluate the current conditions of the watershed through governance lens. This paper employs Governance System Analysis (GSA) approach and mainly uses qualitative method for data collection. The paper finds that there is lack of coordination, integration, synergy and synchronization in the application of knowledge, connectivity and capacity for participation of related stakeholders to the management of the Bodri Watershed. This situation explains environmental problems and ecosystem damages in the Bodri Watershed area. These problems include massive land conversion, erosion, landslides, sedimentation, and flooding and drought in the rainy and dry seasons respectively.

Connecting local and global technological knowledge sourcing

Purpose Through increasing globalization, cities are becoming increasingly interconnected with each other. To remain competitive, it is necessary for cities to combine complementary non-local sources of knowledge with local knowledge sources. The authors contend that an increase in non-local knowledge sourcing tends to enhance local knowledge sourcing too. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of international knowledge sources on the capacity to build upon local knowledge sources in a city region. In addition, the authors investigate whether information and communication technologies (ICT) knowledge sources have a bigger impact than do other fields of knowledge on local knowledge connectivity. Design/methodology/approach Using the US Patent and Trademark Office data, the authors study knowledge sourcing trends for the years 1980-2016 across 33 global cities. Backward patent citations from these granted patents are used to identify the location of inventors of prior knowledge sources, and the geography of knowledge building connections over time is assessed by using the inventor locations of cited (source) and citing (recipient) patents. Findings The authors show that international knowledge sourcing is highly connected with local knowledge sourcing. The authors also find that ICT have a significant effect on this relationship. However, there are significant differences across cities in the extent and nature of this relationship. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the changing geography of knowledge connections. It provides a detailed picture of changing knowledge sourcing trends at a city region level, and it improves our understanding of the role played by a variety of knowledge connections in helping a city remain competitive.