Science for Russia: Innovative Tuning of the Econom

The discussion revealed the main positions of researchers on the lines of “state – market” and “national – global”. The dominant point of view is the recognition of the irreplaceability of the market and, above all, the demand for science and innovation on the part of the hightech industry, as well as the recognition of the special role of the state in the development of the institutional environment and the fear of bureaucratization. For all the tempting idea of connecting the country to the global innovation mechanism, the formation of an effective national innovation system (ecosystem) is recognized as more realistic under current conditions. In this regard, the development of human capital and the institutional environment, as well as the digital transformation of the main spheres of the life of society, including the scientific, technological and innovation spheres, are of particular importance. Deep integration of science into the national innovation system is required, which implies the participation of science in the innovation process at all its stages and the connection of science with all types of innovations from technological to organizational.

ENSURING A BALANCED INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY

The need to ensure balanced innovative development of Ukraine is due to global uncertainty, dynamic processes and structural changes that are taking place today in the global economy. In these conditions, it is relevant to determine the position of Ukraine in the global coordinate system precisely in terms of innovation. Assessment of the state of the scientific and technical sphere, innovative development, research results in the countries of the world at the international level is carried out according to many indicators of various ratings, the most authoritative of which are: Global Innovation Index, Global Competitiveness Index, European Innovation Scoreboard. An analysis of the achieved level of innovative development of the Ukrainian economy in terms of international ratings requires the determination of methodological principles for their calculation. According to the results of the study, it was found that, despite some positive trends, in general, there is a significant gap between the level of innovative development of Ukraine and developed countries. It was found that the position of our country on the Global Competitiveness Index in the past few years has fluctuated between 76-89 places, in accordance with which, it is concluded that there are no effective reforms in the field of research, technology and innovation. The study of innovative activities of European countries and countries - regional neighbors demonstrated Ukraine's membership in the group with the status of «Modest Innovator». Low values of the analyzed indicators in international ratings are associated with errors in government policy and existing problems in the innovation sphere - the use of human potential, the quality of innovation infrastructure, the formation of sustainable relationships between elements of the national innovation system as a whole. The issues of cooperation with international institutions and poor integration into international scientific, technical and innovative cooperation remain unresolved. In this regard, steps are proposed in the direction of Ukraine joining the global innovation processes, which will bring the rating results closer to the level of developed countries in the future.

THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPANY IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

Theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of “innovative potential” based on the paradigm of the knowledge economy are considered. The origin and development of the concepts of “innovative potential” and “knowledge economy” are investigated. The main types of economy are analyzed and the distinguishing features of each of them are highlighted. The main components of innovative potential in accordance with the type of knowledge are identified. The basic relationship between the knowledge economy and innovative potential at the micro and macro levels is justified. It has been confirmed that the knowledge-based economy of knowledge focuses on a person as the main source of knowledge, which it embodies in tangible and intangible forms, transfers this knowledge and aims to commercialize it. The innovative potential shows the readiness of the system to produce new knowledge by using existing knowledge. The theory of human capital and modern principles of its development are considered. The latest achievements, trends and sources of information that relate to the knowledge economy and innovative potential are analyzed: the human capital index, the global innovation index, and the global competitiveness index. The main trends in the pharmaceutical field and the state of innovation in it are considered. The practical connection between the development of the knowledge economy and innovative potential at the enterprise level is revealed. A survey of consumers in relation to pharmaceutical products of national and foreign manufacturers was conducted, because according to a statistical analysis, problems with the mismatch between the capabilities of foreign manufacturers and national manufacturers were identified, negatively affect the process of commercialization of knowledge by enterprises. The main problems of pharmaceutical enterprises from the point of view of the knowledge economy are identified. The solution to this problem will affect the economic situation of the enterprise, industry and economy of the country.

Journal Evaluation Systems: Evolution and Practices in China’s Social Sciences

Journal evaluation systems play an important role in academic evaluation. With many papers published in high-ranking journals, one can expect greater success in grant applications, higher internal resource allocations, faster promotions, and access to many other trappings of academic life. The expansion of China’s research and development systems and its rise as a significant contributor to global innovation have seen journal evaluation become a significant and much-scrutinized issue. Thus, in this chapter, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art in journal evaluation systems and practices. The review begins with a history of social science journal evaluation in China. We then systematically compare the two most influential journal lists of the present day: the Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) and the “Attraction, Management and Influence” Comprehensive Evaluation Report (AMI). A small selection of influential lists produced by universities, research institutions, and professional associations are also discussed. The material presented provides deep insights into how social sciences research in China is assessed. These findings may also reveal some information about the journal evaluation activities of other countries. Overall, our aim is to make a valuable contribution to the theory and practice of journal evaluation so as to promote the sustainable and healthy development of journal management and evaluation systems both in China and abroad.

TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN POLAND AND BELARUS

The article provides a detailed analysis of the most significant technological factors that determine the investment climates of Belarus and Poland. According to the authors, the main technological determinants influencing investment decisions include: Global Innovation Rankings, R&D financing, level of introduction of advanced technology, digitalization of the economy, development of e-services and maturity of technology transfer mechanisms. The research shows, that among the factors of technological development there are both positively and negatively affecting the investment climate of the studied countries. The authors proved that despite the similar past and the commonality of a number of trends in the development of the technological environment of investment activity, Belarus fails to keep pace with Poland in the level of innovation development. This suggests that Polish investments are beneficial for Belarus not only from a financial, but also from a technological point of view.

Modelling of Technical Efficiency of Indian Scientific Laboratories using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Performance Measurement (PM) is a thoughtful demand of every sector for a sustainable growth. There are intangible factors known as economic growth drivers, where Research and Development (R&D), is a vital indicator. As per Global Innovation Index–2020, India ranks 48th among the 131 economies for its education, software exports, R&D and market value. Every year, a massive amount is invested in research labs but the output generated is much lower as compared to world average. Measurement of Scientific Productivity (SP) is a genesis of this though. Earlier, Publications and Patents were considered as means to identify growth but there exists a need holistic measurement of innovative potential. In this study, Technical Efficiency (TEs) of Indian Scientific Laboratories (CSIR) was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with few more parameters – Scientific Performance Indicators (SPIs). This study concluded with demarcation of efficient and lesser efficient laboratories during a specific period. This study would contribute towards an introspection by policy makers and government to re-evaluate the organizational outputs as per their mandates. Such studies are envisaged to assess the strength and weakness and furthermore, plan to contribute efficiently to increase in productivity of organization and national economy as well.