A comparative analysis of public investments in higher education in Russia and the ones of traditional models of the social State

Subject. This article explores the issues of public investment in higher education around the world. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the mechanisms of public investment in the higher education system in traditional models of the social welfare State and describe the particularities of the financing mechanism for higher education in Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses, and a graphical statistics interpretation technique. Results. The article reveals the similarities and differences in public investments in higher education in traditional models of the social welfare State and in Russia. It also justifies the need to improve the mechanism used to formula-based finance higher education. Conclusions. Using indicators that reflect targets, together with input-oriented resource indicators, in calculating the amount of public investment provided can help improve the relationship between budget allocations and the performance of Russian educational institutions.

A model of socially oriented development of the Russian Federation based on a comparative analysis of traditional models of the social welfare State

Subject. The article addresses the implementation of socially oriented development in the Russian Federation and in the countries with traditional models of the social welfare State. Objectives. The aim is to perform a comparative analysis of traditional models of the social welfare State and the Russian Federation on the basis of socio-economic indicators (annual average growth in gross domestic product, inequality, unemployment, migration, the share of tax revenues in gross domestic product, indicators in the sphere of education and healthcare), and reveal the specifics of socially oriented development of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and graphic interpretation of statistics. Results. The study unveils similar trends in the social development that exist in traditional models of the social welfare State, the focus of public policy on providing at least minimal social guarantees, the use of social insurance, and extended accessibility of quality social services. It also emphasizes differences that are connected with historical principles of social policy, the level of decommodification due to modern economic development. Conclusions. The comparative analysis enabled to identify the presence of elements of considered models in the model of socially oriented development of Russia and directions of further measures for increasing socio-economic indicators, including the increase in life expectancy and quality of life for citizens, improvement of the quality of social services, reduction of inequality, promotion of high rates of economic growth, renovation of equipment and facilities, and training highly qualified specialists.