Assessment of methods for analyzing the economic security of the university

Subject. The article investigates the analysis of economic security of a higher education institution. It defines its directions, analytical indicators, methodological guidelines, considering the specific nature of activity, which contribute to improving the economic security and the quality of management decisions made by key executives of universities. Objectives. The purpose is to conduct a critical review and evaluate the main methods of economic security analysis of higher education institutions, taking into account the specifics of their activities. Methods. The study rests on general and specific methods of cognition (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, comparison, etc). Results. I reviewed the existing methods of analyzing the economic security of commercial organizations and higher educational institutions, systematized advantages and disadvantages of methods developed by scientists, substantiated the need to introduce diagnostic indicators to improve the quality and efficiency of analytical information for making informed management decisions. The paper offers to conduct an analysis of economic security, using indicators of intensity and productivity of labor, which consider the specifics of activities of universities in comparison with other organizations of the public sector. Conclusions. Currently, there is no unified approach to the analysis of economic security of universities. The conducted critical assessment of methodology may form a basis for further development of ideas and methodological guidelines on the analysis of economic security, and informed and effective management decisions.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

Applying the process approach in setting up the system of internal control in economic entities

Subject. The article addresses the organization and implementation of process approach when setting up a system of internal control of an economic entity, which ensures the management of effectiveness of divisions’ activities. Objectives. We aim at investigating the organization of the internal control system of an economic entity, based on its activities, accounting policies, classification of business processes, and risk identification. Methods. The study rests on methods of theoretical generalization, structural grouping, logical analysis, as well as the analysis of scientific and practical literature and accounting and control practice. Results. The analysis of practices revealed a number of problems in the implementation of the process approach in the accounting and control activities of economic entities, in particular, insufficient understanding and unpreparedness of management to implement the process approach, the lack of a system for regulating business processes, the lack of interconnection between the system of control indicators and the created business processes. It is advisable to divide the process of organizing the internal control system into a number of stages, i.e. the definition of activities, typology of business processes, risk identification, testing the internal control system’s quality. Conclusions. The introduction of the process approach in organizing an internal control system involves the systematization of information, depending on the nature of the business process, requiring permanent updating. The emergence of non-standard situations makes it necessary to adjust the boundaries of business processes. The resources of accounting business processes are personnel, software, equipment, and other infrastructure elements.

Formation of a system of risk-based internal control in educational organizations

Subject. The article investigates the construction of a system of risk-oriented internal control of educational organizations’ activities. Objectives. The purpose is to develop a classification of risks associated with various activities of an educational organization, identify entities of internal control responsible for risk management, create a portfolio and risk register that serve as a basis for organizing an effective system of risk-oriented internal control and improving the quality of university management. Methods. The study draws on methods of detailing, observation, generalization, comparison, classification, etc. Results. Using the university case, I disclose approaches to risk classification, considering the specifics of educational organization's activities, the formation of a passport and risk register, enabling through internal control tools to identify opportunities for their mitigating and to make appropriate management decisions. Conclusions. It is possible and advisable to apply a risk-based approach to the organization of internal control in an educational organization along with traditional approaches that are aimed at identifying violations of the requirements of legitimate, targeted and rational spending of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds. It is necessary to classify and assess risks associated with various activities of an educational organization, to monitor the implementation of risk management initiatives.

Development trends and mechanisms of State support for poultry farming at the regional level

Subject. The article investigates trends and prospects for poultry farming development at the regional level. Objectives. The purpose is to study the condition of poultry farming in the region, identify development trends, design mechanisms for government support for poultry farming. Methods. The study employs monographic, abstract-logical, statistical, and analytical methods. Results. In the Republic of Dagestan, the poultry production is concentrated in private farm households. This fact reduces the competitiveness of the sub-sector. The study establishes that there is a significant potential for increasing the production volumes of the industry. The bank capital practically does not participate in the modernization of poultry farming in the region, in part because of unfavorable credit history of most economic entities and insufficient collateral. Against the background of low rates of attracting private investment, there is an urgent need for State support for the industry. Conclusions. We propose a set of reasonable measures to stimulate State support for poultry farming in the region, including through improving the forms and methods of scientific and innovative support, linking the forms of the support with the achievement of established development indicators. The paper determines the need for introducing State support to stimulate the industry’s transfer of industrial basis.

Short-term predictive analysis of corporate environmental and financial performance

Subject. The environmental concept has become one of the main objectives in the field of sustainable development of management system. Along with a corporation’s financial sustainability, environmental and social sustainability constitute the modern notion of an economic entity’s sustainable development. The successful development of a corporation is possible, if there is an equilibrium in all areas of economic entity’s operations. Objectives. This paper investigates the complex interactions of financial and environmental performance at the corporate level. The aim is to develop a methodological approach to predictive analysis of corporate environmental and financial performance, focused on short-term oriented management forecasts. Methods. The predictive analysis of environmental and financial processes suggests the use of a large number of performance indicators. A statistical model based on a matrix predictor combining econometric and multidimensional prediction methods became the basis of our methodological approach to predictive analysis. In the empiric section, we present a predictive analysis for the environmental and financial performance of AO Minudobreniya. Results. We developed a methodological approach to the predictive analysis of corporate environmental and financial performance to identify potential risk areas and further plan preventive measures to ensure the desired level of economic sustainability. Conclusions. The findings can be useful for solving a number of specific problems related to information, organizational and methodological support to both a sustainable performance predictive analysis and formation of relevant information for stakeholders about the level of effectiveness of environmental protection measures.

Integrated reporting as a determinant of changing the targets of economic analysis of sustainable development in the face of challenges

Subject. The article deals with the revision of targets in the economic analysis, enabling timely identification of factors of value creation, and considering the influence of the interests of stakeholders. Objectives. The purpose is to identify targets of economic analysis in connection with changes in information requests of stakeholders and requirements for corporate reporting, concerning the disclosure of opportunities for sustainable development in the context of challenges. Methods. We performed a content analysis of changes in information requests of stakeholders and requirements for the composition and content of types of corporate reporting. The study employs methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analysis. Results. The demonstration of excellence by management and investors in understanding the values and the best ways to achieve goals creates threats, and, by definition, is a challenge that should be reflected in integrated reporting. The system of indicators and methods of analysis should be aimed at identifying conflicts and take into account the interests of stakeholders, which will ensure the balance of resources used in creating value. Conclusions. The determinant of the development of corporate reporting is integration, in which a significant amount of information should contain estimated parameters of economic, social and environmental problems and threats specific to major challenges. It will ensure the most effective interaction of stakeholders in managing corporate risks associated with all types of capital. Such disclosure will lead to a synergistic effect in making strategic decisions on sustainable development.

Specifics of remote work mode as a modern format of professional activity in the context of the latest digital capabilities

Subject. The article considers the process of transition to remote working conditions for employees, both in Russia and abroad, due to the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the world in 2020–2021, and the realization of the benefits of remote work. Objectives. The aims include the consideration of prospects for the digital economy development in the context of the application of new tools for effective work in a remote format, construction of a prognostic scenario for the development of remote mode of labor activity in Russia and in the world, justification of reasons that make it difficult to move to effective work activity outside the office. Methods. The study rests on current statistical and empirical Russian and foreign sources, leading scientific economic publications, analytical materials, surveys of Russian and American consulting companies and employment agencies. Results. We formulated the advantages of transition to remote work format of Russian and foreign employees, reasons for positive impact of the new work format on the potential and real growth of the world economy, an increase in employee motivation and reduction in professional stress. The paper substantiates reasons for possible difficulties in the process of transition to a remote mode of work in different countries. Conclusions. The study proves the prospects of switching to a remote format of work and using the latest achievements in science and technology to solve routine professional tasks of employees and enhance their motivation in the overall work process.

Interrelation and interaction of principles of socio-ecological and economic concepts

Subject. The article addresses the principles of circular economy in their relationship with the principles of sustainable development and green economy. Objectives. The aim is to clarify the principles of circular economy and green economy, establish the relationship of principles of these concepts, propose new principles of circular economy. Methods. The study rests on methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative and causal analysis. Results. The paper presents a comparative analysis of principles of the green economy. On its basis, a new interpretation of the concept principles is offered. Taking into account the interrelation of the concepts of green and circular economies, the paper also clarifies the principles of the circular economy. The framework of the circular economy is supplemented by principles of regional specificity, recovery, regeneration and reclamation. I propose to consider the framework of circular economy from the point of view of "principles-conditions" and "principles-actions". Conclusions. Despite its popularity, the paradigm of the circular economy has not been properly formed. The scientific literature still lacks a systems and comprehensive analysis of its conceptual foundations. The principles of circular economy should reflect the relationship of the concept with the fundamental principles of sustainable development and the green economy, though have their own specifics.

Target-setting for technological development of the Russian aircraft industry in the field of countering climate change

Subject. The article discusses the introduction of a Pigouvian tax on greenhouse gas emissions. Objectives. The objective of the study is to develop methods for setting the target level of CO2 emissions by Russian aircraft, based on Russia's national interests (both economic and environmental). Methods. The emission target was set on the basis of the classical approach of determining the economically optimal level of pollution at the intersection of the curves of marginal damage from pollution and marginal costs of eliminating pollution. The assessment of marginal costs of reducing CO2 emissions was based on the learning curves in the field of research and development aimed at reducing emissions. Results. We developed a method to set up the target level of CO2 emissions by Russian aircraft based on Russia's national interests (economic and environmental), rather than on external requirements dictated by competitor nations. Conclusions. According to the calculations on the basis of realistic estimates of fixed costs for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions, the utility is maximized with a reduction of CO2 emissions by 10% (for this method of assessing the damage to the State and with the realistic estimates of fixed cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions).